Abstract
Komatiite near Semra village, southwest of Daltonganj in Palamau District of Jharkhand, occurs within tremolite actinolite schist of ultramafic parentage. The fragmented olivine phenocrysts show mutually parallel as well as angular alignment, representing relict spinifex texture. Mineralogically the Semra ultramafic is lehrzolite in composition. The cumulates lack visible deformation suggesting original magmatic crystallization of these ultramafic rocks. The present occurrence of Spinifex Textured Peridotitic Komatiite (STPK) in Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex (CGC) at northwestern part of Eastern Indian Shield is of great significance as it opens up a possibility of the presence of Archaean rock in CGC, which is yet to be established.
These ultramafics are geochemically characterised by distinctive high MgO, Ni, Cr and poor in alkali, TiO2, Ba, Cs, Rb, Nb, Hf and Y contents. It has low abundance of incompatible elements and is LREE depleted [(La/Yb)n= 0.74–1.07] with enriched flat HREE profile, representing chondrite like composition. This shows diagnostic convex upward REE profile. All these together with relict but distinct spinifex texture confirm the komatiitic character of Semra ultramafic. The chemical data plots for ultramafics confine to komatiite field in discriminate diagrams. The Mg# (>74) of the Semra ultramafics are comparable to primitive upper mantle Mg# (89.8) and high enough for rocks derived from ultramagnesian liquid of the mantle derived source. Considerably high Zr concentration in Semra ultramafic is attributed to Zr-enriched mantle source. Geochemically Semra ultramafics is comparable with “Al-undepleted” Munro type komatiites. Depleted incompatible trace elements also point towards Al-undepleted nature for the investigated ultramafics, which are characterised by distinctive low SiO2 content in comparison to many well known komatiites of the world. The low K2O content indicate plume related magmatism for its generation. Tectonic setting of this STPK with distinctive cumulus nature is suggestive of its emplacement in an extensional tectonic regime.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acharyya, S.K., Dasgupta, A. and Chakravorty, K. (1998) Geological map of India, Seventh Edition, Geol. Surv. India, Hyderabad.
Acharyya, S.K. and Roy, A. (2000) Tectonothermal history of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone and reactivation of major faults/shear zones. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.55(3), pp.239–256.
Acharyya, S.K. (2003) The nature of Mesoproterozoic Central Indian Tectonic Zone with exhumed and reworked older granulites. Gondwana Res., v.6(2), pp.197–214.
Arndt, N.T. (1994) Archean komatiites. In: K. C. Condie (Ed.), Archean Crustal Evolution, Amsterdam Elsevier, pp.11–44.
Arndt, N.T., Naldrett, A.J. and Pyke, D.R. (1977) Komatiite and iron rich tholeiittic lavas of Munro Township, northwest Ontario. Jour. Petrol., v.18, pp.319–369.
Arndt, N.T. and Nisbet, E.G. (1982) What is a komatiite? In: N.T. Arndt and E.G. Nisbet (Eds.), Komatiites. London: George Allen and Unwin, pp.19–27.
Arndt, N.T. and Nesbitt, E.G. (1984) Magma mixing in Komatiitic lavas from Munro Township Ontario. In: A Kröner, G. Hanson and A.M. Goodwin (Eds), Archaean Geochemistry, Springer-Verlag, pp.99–114.
Arndt, N.T. and Lesher, C.M. (1992) Fractionation of REE by olivine and the origin of Kambalda komatiites, Western Australia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v.56, pp.4191–4204.
Arndt, N.T., Kerr, A.C. and Tarney, J. (1997) Dynamic melting in plume heads: the formation of Gorgona komatiites and basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.146, pp.289–301.
Arndt, N.T., Lesher, C.M. and Barnes, S.J. (2008) Komatiite. Cambridge Univ. Press, 467p.
Arndt, J.G., Arndt, N.T. and Naldrett, A. J. (1977) Genesis of Archean Komatiites from Munro Township, northwest Ontario: trace-element evidence. Geol., v.5, pp.590–594.
Bhattacharyya, B. P. (1975) Structural evolution in the central part of Santhal Parganas district, Bihar. Bull. Geol. Miner. Met. Soc. India, v.48(1), pp.41–47.
Bhattacharya, U., Ghose, D.K., Sen, P. and Chakrabarti, R. (1996) Spinifex textured komatiite from Archaean greenstone sequence of Singhbhum district, eastern India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.48, pp.457–461.
Brooks, C.K. and Hart, S.R. (1974) On the significance of komatiite. Geology, v.2, pp.107–110.
Cattell, A.C. and Arndt, N.T. (1987) Low- and high-alumina komatiites from a Late Archean sequence, Newton Township, Ontario. Contr. Min. Petro, v.97, pp.218–227.
Cattell, A.C. and Taylor, R.N. (1990) Archaean basic magmatism. In: R.P. Hall and D.J. Hughes (Eds.), Early Precambrian basic magmatism. Chapman and Hall, Glasgow: Blackie, pp.11–39.
Chatterjee, G.C. and Ghosh, P.K. (1970) Tectonic framework of Peninsular Gondwanas of India. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.98(2), pp.1–25.
Chakraborty, C., Mandal, N. and Ghose, S.K. (2003) Kinematics of the Gondwana basins of peninsular India. Tectonophysics, v.377, p.299–324
Condie, K.C. (1997a) Contrasting sources for upper and lower continental crust: The greenstone connection. Jour. Geol., v.105, pp.729–736.
Condie, K.C. (1997b) Plate tectonics and crustal evolution (4th Ed), Oxford, Butterworth-Heinneman, 282p.
das Gupta, S., Bhattacharya, D.K. and Saha, A.K. (1994) Magnetite deposits of Semra-Salatua area, Palamau district, Bihar, India: Its disposition and genesis. Indian Minerals, v.48(4), pp.215–223.
Das, S., Bose, M. and Ghosh, A.K. (2001) Geochemical evaluation of the ultramafic-basic bimodal volcanism in Kunchia sector of the Proterozoic Dalma volcanic belt, Eastern India — Prospect of a Komatitic suite. Indian Jour. Geol., v.73(4), pp.227–240.
Das, B. and Patel, N.P. (1984) Nature of the Narmada-Son lineament. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.25, pp.267–276.
Donaldson, C.H. (1982) Spinifex textured komatiites: A review of textures, composition and layering. In: N.T. Arndt and E.G. Nisbet (Eds.), Komatiites. George Allen and Unwin, London, pp.214–243.
Dutta, N.R. and Mitra, N.D. (1984) Gondwana geology of Indian plate — its history of fragmentation and dispersion. Geol. Surv. Japan, Rept. No.263, pp.1–25.
Echeverria, L.M. (1980) Tertiary or Mesozoic komatiites from Gorgona Island, Colombia; field relations and geochemistry. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v.73, p.253–266.
Fan, J. and Kerrich, R. (1997) Geochemical characteristics of aluminum depleted and undepleted komatiites and HREEenriched low-Ti tholeiites, western Abitibi greenstone belt: A heterogeneous mantle plume-convergent margin environment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v.61(22), pp.4723–4744.
Gangopadhyay, A., Walker, R.J., Hanski, E. and Solheid, P.A. (2006) Origin of Paleoproterozoic komatiites at Jeesiörova, Kittilä greenstone complex, Finnish Lapland. Jour. Petrol., v.47(4), pp.773–789.
Ghose, N.C. (1970) On the occurrence of peridotite dyke from Richughuta, Palamau district, and its bearing on the composition of upper mantle. Second Upper Mantle Symp., National Geophys. Res. Inst., Hyderabad, pp.349–359.
Ghose, N.C. (1983) Geology, tectonics and evolution of the Chhotanagpur granite gneiss complex, Eastern India. In: S. Sinha-Roy (Ed.), Structure and tectonics of the Precambrian rocks of India. Recent Res. Geol., Hindustan Publ. Corp., Delhi, v.10, pp.211–257.
Ghose, N.C. (1992) Chhotanagpur gneiss—granulite complex, Eastern India. Present status and future prospect. Indian. Jour Geol., v.64, pp100–121.
Ghose, N.C., Chakraborty, S.K. and Srivastava, S.C. (1983) Mineralogy and chemistry of the metabasic rocks around McCluskieganj, District Hazribagh, Bihar. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.114(2), pp.25–42.
Ghose, N.C. and Srivastava, S.C. (2001) Chemical characterisation and paragenesis of biotite from the Proterozoic Chotanagpur Gneissic. Complex, Eastern Indian Shield. In: S.P. Singh (Ed.), Precambrian crustal evolution and mineralization in India. PCEM-2001 seminar volume, pp.199–218.
Ghose, N.C. and Mukherjee, D. (2000) Chhotanagpur gneiss granulite complex, Eastern India — A Kaleidoscope of global events. In: Geology and mineral resources of Bihar and Jharkhand. IGE Monograph, v.2, Patna, pp.33–58.
Ghose, N.C., Mukherjee, D. and Chatterjee, N. (2005) Plume generated Mesoproterozoic Mafic-ultramafic magmatism in the Chotanagpur Mobile Belt of Eastern Indian Shield Margin. Jour. Geol. Soc. Indian, v.66, pp.725–740.
Ghose N.C. and Chatterjee, N. (2008) Petrology, Tectonic setting and Source of Dykes and Related magmatic bodies in the Chotanagpur Gniessic Complex, Eastern India. In: Rajesh K. Srivastava, Ch. Sivaji and N. V. Chalapathi Rao (Eds.), Indian Dykes: Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geochronology. Narosa Publ. House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, pp.471–493.
Glikson, A.Y. (1983) Geochemistry of Archaean tholeiitic basalt and high-Mg to peridotitic komatiite suites, with petrogenetic implications. Mem. Geol. Soc. India, no.4, pp.73–95.
Gupta, A., Basu, A. and Ghosh, P.K. (1980) The Proterozoic ultramafic lavas and tuffs of Dalma greenstone belt, Singhbhum, Bihar, eastern India. Can. Jour. Earth Sci., v.17, pp.210–231.
Gupta, A.K. (2007) Petrology and genesis of igneous rocks, Narosa Publishing House, Delhi, 479p.
Hanski, E. and Smolkin, V.F. (1995) Pechenga ferropicriytes and other early Proterozoic picrites in the eastern part of Baltic shield. Precambrian Res., v.45, pp.63–82.
Jahn, B. M., Gruau, G. and Glickson, A.Y. (1982) Komatiites of the Onverwacht Group, South Africa: REE chemistry, Sm-Nd age and mantle evolution. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v.80, pp.25–40.
Jensen, L.S. (1976) A new cation plot for classifying sub-alkalic volcanic rocks. Ontario Div. Mines, Misc. Paper no.66, 22p.
Kar, A. and Sarkar, N.K. (1989) Petrology of calc-alkaline igneous suite of Leslieganj-Khamdih area, Palamau district, Bihar. Indian Jour. Geol., v.61(2), pp.93–109.
Kerrich, R., Polat, A. Wyman, D. and Hollings, P. (1999a) Trace element systematic of Mg- to Fe-tholeiitic basalt suites of the Superior Province: implications for Archean mantle reservoirs and greenstone belt genesis. Lithos, v.46, pp.163–187.
Kerrich, R., Wyman, D., Hollings, P. and Polat, A. (1999b) Variability of Nb/U and Th/La in 3.0 to 2.7 Ga Superior Province ocean plateau basalts: implications for the timing of continental growth and lithospheric recycling. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.168, pp.101–115.
Kerr, A.C. and Arndt, N.T. (2001) A note on the IUGS reclassification of the high-Mg and picritic volcanic rocks. Jour. Petrol., v.42 (11), pp.2169–2171.
Kerr, A.C., Marriner, G.F., Arndt, N.T., Tarney, J. Nivia, A., Saunders, A.D. and Duncan, R.A. (1996) The petrogenesis of Gorgona komatiites, picrites and basalts: new field, petrographic and geochemical constraints. Lithos, v.37, pp.245–260.
Kulikov Google’s geochemical plots komatiite www.ukriagod.kiev.ua/.../
Lahiri, G. and Das, S. (1984) Petrology of the area east of Daltonganj, Palamau district, Bihar. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.25(8), pp.490–504.
Le Bas, M.J. (2000) IUGS reclassification of the high-Mg and picrite Volcanic rocks. Journal of Petrology, v.41, pp.1467–1470.
Le Bas, M.J. and Streckeisen, A. I. (1991) The IUGS systematic of igneous rocks. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v.148, pp.825–833.
Le Maitre, P., Dudek, A. and Others. (1989) A classification of igneous rocks and glossary of terms. Blackwell Scient Publ., Oxford.
Mahadevan, T.M. (1992) Geological evolution of the Chhotanagpur gneissic complex in parts of Purulia district. Indian Jour. Geol., v.64(1), pp.1–22.
Mahadevan, T.M. (2002) Geology of Bihar and Jharkhand. Geological Society of India, Textbook Series no.14, 563p
Mandal, A., Goswami, B., Mukherjee, S., Das, S., Bhattacharyya, I. and Bhattacharyya, C. (2007) Mantle metasomatism of ultramafic intrusives in Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex, Puruliya District, West Bengal, Eastern India: Evidence from trace element and REE geochemistry. In: J. Ray and C. Bhattacharyya (Eds.), Igneous Petrology: 21st Century Perspective. pp.122–142.
Mandal, A. and Ray, A. (2009) Petrology of Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks Along North Puruliya Shear Zone, West Bengal. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.74, pp.108–118
Mazumdar, S.K. (1988) Crustal evolution of the Chhotanagpur gneissic complex and the mica belt of Bihar. In: D. Mukhopadhyay (Ed.), Precambrian of the Eastern Indian Shield. Geol. Surv. India Mem., v.8, pp.49–83.
Mcdonough, W.F. and Sun, S.S (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geol., v.120, pp.223–253.
Mishra, D., Bhattacharya, D.K. and Barla, V.C. (2004) Occurrences of Peridotiitic komatiites in the Chhotanagpur Gneisses around Semra, South of Daltonganj, Palamau district, Jharkhand. Indian Mineralogist, v.38(2), pp.12–19.
Mitra, M. and Bose, M.K. (2007) Changing style of magma genesis and evolution of komatiitic ultrabasics in Dalma volcanic belt of Proterozoic Singhbhum Basin — A geochemical approach. In: J. Ray and C. Bhattacharyya (Eds.), Igneous Petrology: 21st century perspective, pp.73–90.
Mohan, K., Srivastava, V. and Singh, C.K. (2007) Pattern and genesis of lineaments in and across Son-Narmada lineament zone in a part of central India around Renukoot, district Sonbhadra, U.P. Jour. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing v.35/2, pp.193–200.
Mukherjee, J. (1998) Palaeogeography of the Talchir sedimentation in Daltonganj, North Koel basin, Palamu District, Bihar. Abs. Nat. Sem. Geosc. Adv. Bihar, pp.34.
Mukherjee, D. and Ghose, N.C. (1992) Precambrian anorthosites within the Chhotanagpur gneissic complex in Eastern Indian Shield. Indian Jour. Geol., v.64, pp.143–150.
Mukherjee, D. and Ghose, N.C. 1999. Damodar graben: a centre of contrasting magmatism in the eastern India Shield margin. In: A.K. Sinha (Ed.), Basement Tectonics, v.13. Kluwer, Netherlands, pp.179–202.
Naqvi, S.M., Manikyamba, C., Rao, T.G., Subba Rao, D.V., Ram Mohan, M. and Srinivasa Sarma, D. (2002) Geochemical and isotopic constraints of Neoarchaean Fossil Plume for Evolution of volcanic rocks of Sandur Greenstone Belt, India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.60, pp.27–56.
Nesbitt, R.W. (1971) Skeletal crystal forms in the ultramafic rocks of the Yalgarn Block, Western Australia: evidence for an Archean ultramafic liquid. Geol. Soc. Aus. Spl. Publ. 3, 331–347.
Nesbitt, R.W., Jahn, B.M. and Purvis, A.C. (1982) Komatiites: an early Precambrian phenomenon. Jour. Volcan. Geotherm. Res., v.14, pp.31–45.
Nesbitt, R.W. and Sun, S.S. (1976) Geochemistry of Archaean spinifex-textured peridotites and magnesian and low magnesian tholeiites. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.31, pp.433–453.
Nesbitt, R.W., Sun, S. and Purvis, A.C. (1979) Komatiites: Geochemistry and Genesis, Canadian Mineral., v.17, pp.165–186.
Nisbet, E.G. and Chinner, G.A. (1981) Controls on the eruption of mafic and ultramafic lavas: Ruth Well Cu-Ni prospect, western Pilbera. Econ. Geol., v.76, pp.1729–1735.
Nisbet, E.G. (1982) The tectonic setting and petrogenesis of komatiites. In: N.T. Arndt and E.G. Nisbet (Eds), Komatiites. George Allen and Unwin (London), pp.501–520.
Nisbet, E.G., Arndt, N.T., Bickle, M.J., et al. (1987) Uniquely fresh 2.7 Ga komatiites from Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Geology, v.15, pp.1147–1150.
Niyogi, B.N. (1987) Evolutionary scenario of Lower Gondwana Coal basins of Peninsular India. In: R.M. Singh (Ed.), Proc. Nat. Seminar on Coal Resources of India. Dept. of Geology, BHU, pp.14–29.
Nna-mvondo, D. and Martinez-frias, J. (2005) EOS Trans, AGU, v.86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl Abstract B31B-0988.
Parman, S.W., Grove, T.L. and Dann, J.C. (2001) The production of Barberton komatiites in an Archean subduction zone. Geophys. Res. Lett., v.28, pp.2513–2516.
Pascoe, E.H. (1959) A manual of the geology of India and Burma, v.2, Govt. of India Press, Calcutta, pp.485–1338.
Pyke, D.R., Naldrett, A.J. and Eckstrand, O.R. (1973) Archaean ultramafic flow in Munro Township, Ontario. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v.84, pp.955–973.
Ray, J.S. (1984) On the komatiite of Palasbani, Singhbhum, Bihar. Curr.Sci., v.53 (15), pp.806–807.
Roy, A., Sarkar, A., Jeyakumar, S., Aggrawal, S.K. and Ebihara, M. (2002) Mid-Proterozoic plume-related thermal event in Eastern Indian Craton: Evidence from trace elements, REE geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope systematic of basic-ultrabasic intrusives from Dalma volcanic belt. Gondwana Res., v.5(1), pp.133–146.
Roy, A. and Prasad, M.H. (2003) Tectonothermal events in Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) and its implications in Rodinian crustal assembly. Jour. Asian Earth Sci., v.22, pp.115–129.
Sahu, N.K. and Mukherjee, M.M. (2001) Spinifex textured komatiite from Badampahar-Gorumahisani schist belt, Mayurbhanj District, Orissa. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.57, pp.529–534.
Sarkar, A.N. (1988) Tectonic evolution of the Chhotanagpur plateau and the Gondwana basins in Eastern India: An interpretation based on Supra-subduction geological processes. In: D. Mukhopadhyay (Ed.), Precambrian of the Eastern Indian Shield. Mem. Geol. Soc. India, no.8, pp.127–146.
Schmus, W.R.V. and Hayes, J.M. (1974) Chemical and petrographic correlations among carbonaceous chondrites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v.38, 47p.
Shankar, R. (1991) Thermal and crustal structure of SONATA: a zone of mid-continental rifting in Indian Shield. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.37, pp.211–220.
Sinha, A.K. and Bhattacharya, D.K. (1995). Geochemistry of the magnetite deposits around Sua, Palamau district, Bihar. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.46, pp.313–316.
Smith, H.S. and Erlank, A.J. (1982) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of komatiites from the Barberton greenstone belt, SouthAfrica. In: N.T. Arndt and E.G. Nisbet (Eds.), Komatiites, George Allen & Unwin, London, pp.347–398.
Srivastava, R.K., Chalapathi Rao, N.V. and Sinha, A.K. (2009) Cretaceous potassic intrusives with affinities to aillikites from Jharia area: Magmatic expression of metasomatically veined and thinned lithospheric mantle beneath Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India. Lithos, v.1125, pp.407–418.
Srivastava, S. C., Ghose N.C., Prasad, A. and Chakraborty, S.K. (1984) The composition and origin of amphibolites of south Daltonganj, District Palamau, Bihar. Geol. Surv. India Spec. Publ., no.12, pp.401–411.
Sun, S.S. and Nesbitt, R.W. 1978) Petrogenesis of Archean ultrabasic and basic volcanic: evidence from rare earth elements. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v.65, pp.301–325.
Sun, S.S. and Mcdonough, W.F. (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematic of ocean basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: A.D. Saunders, M.J. Norry (Eds.), Magmatism in the ocean basis. Geol.Soc. London Spec. Publ., v.42, pp.313–345.
Walter, M.J. (1998) Melting of Garnet Peridotite and the Origin of Komatiite and Depleted Lithosphere. Jour. Petrol., v.39, pp.29–60.
Wänke, H., Baddenhausen, H., Palme, H. and Spettel, B. (1974) On the geochemistry of the Allende inclusions and their origin as high-temperature condensates. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.23.
Verma, S.P., Torres-Alvarado, I.S. and Sotelo-Rodriguez, Z.T. (2002) SINCLASS: Standard Igneous Norm and Volcanic Rock Classification System. Computer. Geosci, v.28, pp.711–715.
Viljoen, M.J. and Viljoen, R.P. (1969) Evidence for the composition of the primitive mantle and its products of partial melting from the study of the rocks of the Barberton Mountainland. Geol. Soc. South Africa, Spec. Publ., v.2, pp.275–296.
Zhou, J. and Li, X. (2006) Geoplot: An excel VBA program for geochemical data plotting. Computer. Geosci., v.32(4), pp.554–560.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhattacharya, D.K., Mukherjee, D. & Barla, V.C. Komatiite within Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex at Semra, Palamau District, Jharkhand: Petrological and geochemical fingerprints. J Geol Soc India 76, 589–606 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-010-0120-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-010-0120-y