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A comparative study of myostatin, follistatin and decorin expression in muscle of different origin

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Abstract

Muscle regeneration supports muscle function in aging, and plays a role in the functional impairment caused by progressive neuromuscular diseases. Major substances controlling this process are growth factors and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, follistatin is known to antagonize the function of several members of the TGF-β family of secreted signaling factors, including myostatin—the most powerful inhibitor of muscle growth characterized to date. Decorin—a small leucine-rich proteoglycan—traps myostatin and modulates its activity towards myogenic cells in the ECM. In addition, there are few reports concerning the regenerative muscle process of masseter muscles, which are of branchial arch origin, in mdx mice. Thus, in order to clarify the muscle regenerative process of masseter muscle, gene and protein expression of myostatin, follistatin and decorin were examined using the tibialis anterior (TA)muscle as a positive control. In both muscles, a gradual increase in mRNA myostatin, follistatin and decorin expression was detected, with the increase being greater in TA muscle than in masseter muscle. At 2 weeks, both muscles exhibited normal skeletal muscle cells. At 3 weeks, masseter muscle demonstrated scant areas of necrosis, whereas large necrotic zones were seen in TA muscle. At 4 weeks, the formation of necrotic tissue and presence of follistatin protein was observed clearly in masseter muscle. This result indicates that follistatin production is stimulated in the presence of necrosis. Interestingly, both muscles showed the same process of muscular formation, but with different time frames, which could be related to muscle origin.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Oral Health Science Center Grant hrc8 (S.A.) from Tokyo Dental College, and by a Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) of Japan, 2010–2012.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan

    Emi Hiroki, Shinichi Abe, Osamu Iwanuma & Yoshinobu Ide

  2. Oral Health Science Center hrc8, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan

    Shinichi Abe

  3. Division of Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakato-City, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan

    Koji Sakiyama

  4. Department of Oral Anatomy, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan

    Nobuaki Yanagisawa

  5. Department of Anatomy-1, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8501, Japan

    Kazunari Shiozaki

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  1. Emi Hiroki
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  2. Shinichi Abe
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  3. Osamu Iwanuma
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  4. Koji Sakiyama
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  5. Nobuaki Yanagisawa
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  6. Kazunari Shiozaki
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  7. Yoshinobu Ide
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shinichi Abe.

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E. Hiroki and S. Abe contributed equally to this work.

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Hiroki, E., Abe, S., Iwanuma, O. et al. A comparative study of myostatin, follistatin and decorin expression in muscle of different origin. Anat Sci Int 86, 151–159 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-011-0103-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-011-0103-0

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