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Comparative Assessment on the Hot Deformation Behaviour of 9Cr–1Mo Steel with 1Cr–1Mo Steel

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Abstract

Hot forged 1Cr–1Mo and 9Cr–1Mo steels are being progressively used in the making of the turbine rotors of steam power plants. Forging of these steels requires precise control of processing parameters (i.e. strain, strain rate and temperature) for a defect free product. In line with the above mentioned applications, a comparative study to analyze the hot deformation behavior of both the steels was carried out in the temperature domain of 850–1050 °C with varying strain rate (0.001–0.1 s−1) by compression test data obtained from Gleeble 3800® thermomechanical simulator up to true strain of 0.69. The flow stress behavior of hot compressed specimens was analyzed by using material constants, activation energy and formulated Zener–Hollomon parameter. Critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of both the steels were calculated with the help of a mathematical model developed by Poliak and Jonas. Further, the variations in critical conditions were correlated with the Zener–Hollomon parameter. For both the steels, the current study also focused on the comparison of dynamically recrystallized austenite (\(X_{DRX}\)) volume fraction with respect to true strain by applying the concept of Avrami equation. Finally, to validate the kinetics of DRX and softening mechanism, the microstructural evaluation and characterization have been carried out using optical and electron microscopy.

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Fig. 1
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Fig. 3

Data reused for the plotting of \(\theta\) versus σ graph for 1Cr–1Mo steel specimen [18] with the permission of IOP publishing journal

Fig. 4

Data reused for the plotting of −(\(d\theta /d\sigma\)) versus σ graph for 1Cr–1Mo steel specimen [18] with the permission of IOP publishing journal

Fig. 5

Data reused for the plotting of a \(\sigma_{c}\) versus \(\sigma_{p}\) and b \(\varepsilon_{c}\) versus \(\varepsilon_{p}\) graph for 1Cr–1Mo steel specimen [18] with the permission of IOP publishing journal

Fig. 6

Data reused for the graphs of 1Cr–1Mo steel specimen [18] with the permission of IOP publishing journal

Fig. 7

Data reused for the graphs of 1Cr–1Mo steel specimen [18] with the permission of IOP publishing journal

Fig. 8

Data reused for the graphs of 1Cr–1Mo steel specimen [18] with the permission of IOP publishing journal

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited for the material, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department and Institute Instrumentation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee for experimental support and FIST DST Delhi for providing Gleeble 3800.

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  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India

    Sumit Kumar, Anish Karmakar & Sumeer K. Nath

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  1. Sumit Kumar
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  2. Anish Karmakar
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  3. Sumeer K. Nath
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Correspondence to Sumeer K. Nath.

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Kumar, S., Karmakar, A. & Nath, S.K. Comparative Assessment on the Hot Deformation Behaviour of 9Cr–1Mo Steel with 1Cr–1Mo Steel. Met. Mater. Int. 27, 3875–3890 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00826-2

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