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Assessment of Hydrological Drought Vulnerability using Geospatial Techniques in the Tons River Basin, India

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Abstract

Drought is one of the most severe natural disasters caused due to water scarcity, causing an adverse impact on an area's agriculture and water resources. The occurrence of drought depends on the amount, duration and frequency of rainfall. In this study, the SPI-12 time series was calculated using average rainfall over the basin for 69 years. It was observed that there was a total of 21 drought events in the Tons basin, i.e., once in every three years. Maximum rainfall departure was observed for the year 1965 with a value of − 39.4%. An extreme drought event of 24 months was observed from June 2009 to May 2011 with severity of − 39.3 and mean intensity of − 1.6. Spatial vulnerability to drought calculated by using various geospatial layers was used for this purpose: elevation zones, soil type, land use land cover, population density, distance from river reach, slope, depth to groundwater level, and drought frequency map. These layers were prepared and overlaid using a geographic information system to form a composite map of the Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) to depict the spatial vulnerability of drought. The DVI map showed that 18.2%, 42.4%, and 37.9% of the total basin area fall under moderate, severe, and critical vulnerability zones. Rewa, Satna, Mirzapur and Sonbhadra districts were found to be under the severely vulnerable category. This methodology provides essential information to decision-makers to identify the critical areas susceptible to drought and formulate the mitigation plan to minimize the damage to the economy.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for providing financial support during the study period. We are also grateful to the Department of Water Resources Development and Management (WRD&M), IIT Roorkee, for providing resources to conduct the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India

    Praveen Kalura & Ashish Pandey

  2. RRSC -North, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organization, Delhi, India

    V. M. Chowdary

  3. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Hyderabad, India

    P. V. Raju

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  1. Praveen Kalura
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Kalura, P., Pandey, A., Chowdary, V.M. et al. Assessment of Hydrological Drought Vulnerability using Geospatial Techniques in the Tons River Basin, India. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 49, 2623–2637 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-021-01413-7

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