Abstract
Groundwater is the primary source of irrigation in the Mewat District of Haryana, India. Thus the population of Mewat is considerably reliant on groundwater for meeting their livelihood and domestic needs. An integrated framework was developed using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for the assessment of groundwater resources for agricultural use. Groundwater quality was assessed using weighted index method and classified into good (36 %), moderate (47 %) and poor (17 %) zones. Groundwater potential on the other hand was analysed using the weighted overlay approach using eight independent variables. The groundwater potential was further classified into good, moderate and poor zones which occupied 29, 61, and 10 % of the study area respectively. Groundwater vulnerability was assessed using DRASTIC method and was found low, moderate and high in 46, 23 and 31 % of the region respectively. A positive correlation value of 0.23 was observed between groundwater quality and potential. Correlation between groundwater quality and vulnerability was found −0.31. Multivariate clustering method was used to integrate the results of groundwater quality, potential and vulnerability in the study area. The integrated groundwater map was classified into five zones in the study area. The result was validated with the soil fertility, irrigation source, and crop yield. Integrated assessment of groundwater resources in the study area; thus provides useful information to decision makers for undertaking measures for sustainable groundwater resource management in the study area.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adhikari, K., Chakraborty, B., & Gangopadhyay, A. (2012). Assessment of irrigation potential of groundwater using water quality index tool. Environmental Research Journal, 6(3), 197–205.
Aller, L., Lehr, J. H., Petty, R., & Bennett, T. (1987). Drastic: a standhrdized system to evaluate ground water pollution potential using hydrugedlugic settings.
Arya, V., Singh, S., Kumar, A., Rao, T., Chaudhary, B., Rao, G., Saroha. G. P., Sharma. M. P., Singh. A., Lal. N., Kumar. U, (1999). Mapping of soil and water resources of Mewat area: Problems and their management using remote sensing techniques. Hisar: Haryana State Remote Sensing Application Centre, Haryana Agriculture University.
CGWB (2014). Dynamic ground water resources of India, (as on 31st March 2011). Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation Government of India.
Chakraborti, D., Mukherjee, S. C., Pati, S., Sengupta, M. K., Rahman, M. M., Chowdhury, U. K., et al. (2003). Arsenic groundwater contamination in Middle Ganga Plain, Bihar, India: a future danger? Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1194.
Dar, I. A., Sankar, K., & Dar, M. A. (2010). Remote sensing technology and geographic information system modeling: an integrated approach towards the mapping of groundwater potential zones in Hardrock terrain, Mamundiyar basin. Journal of Hydrology, 394(3), 285–295.
Jin, S., & Feng, G. (2013). Large-scale variations of global groundwater from satellite gravimetry and hydrological models, 2002–2012. Global and Planetary Change, 106, 20–30.
Kaur, R., Minhas, P., Jain, P., Singh, P., & Dubey, D. (2009). Geo-spatial analysis of land–water resource degradation in two economically contrasting agricultural regions adjoining national capital territory (Delhi). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 154(1–4), 65–83.
Khan, S. (2007). Groundwater information booklet: Mewat District. Haryana: Government of India, Indian Ministry of Water Resources Central Groundwater Board, cgwb. gov. in/District _Profile/Haryana/Mewat. pdf.
Mall, R. K., Singh, R., Gupta, A., Srinivasan, G., & Rathore, L. S. (2006). Impact of climate change on Indian agriculture: a review. Climatic Change, 78(2–4), 445–478. doi:10.1007/s10584-005-9042-x.
Mallick, J., Singh, C. K., Al‐Wadi, H., Ahmed, M., Rahman, A., Shashtri, S., & Mukherjee, S. (2015). Geospatial and geostatistical approach for groundwater potential zone delineation. Hydrological Processes, 29(3), 395–418.
Misra, A. K., & Mishra, A. (2007). Study of quaternary aquifers in Ganga Plain, India: focus on groundwater salinity, fluoride and fluorosis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 144(1), 438–448.
Mukherjee, P., Singh, C. K., & Mukherjee, S. (2012). Delineation of groundwater potential zones in arid region of India—a remote sensing and GIS approach. Water Resources Management, 26(9), 2643–2672.
Murty, M., & Kumar, S. (2011). Water pollution in India: an economic appraisal. India infrastructure report (285–298).
Nag, S., & Ghosh, P. (2013). Variation in groundwater levels and water quality in Chhatna Block, Bankura district, West Bengal—a GIS approach. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 81(2), 261–280.
Piscopo, G. (2001). Groundwater vulnerability map explanatory notes—Castlereagh Catchment. Parramatta: Australia NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation.
Radhakrishna, B. (2009). Some thoughts about Norman Borlaug and the green revolution. Geological Society of India, 74(6), 665–668.
Rahman, A. (2008). A GIS based DRASTIC model for assessing groundwater vulnerability in shallow aquifer in Aligarh, India. Applied Geography, 28(1), 32–53.
Reza, R., & Singh, G. (2010). Assessment of ground water quality status by using water quality index method in Orissa, India. World Applied Sciences Journal, 9(12), 1392–1397.
Rodell, M., Velicogna, I., & Famiglietti, J. S. (2009). Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India. Nature, 460(7258), 999–1002.
Shah, T. (2010). Taming the anarchy: Groundwater governance in South Asia. Routledge.
Singh, D., Chauhan, D., Khan, M., Sharma, R., Singh, N., Malik, P., et al. (2007). Strategic research & extension plan of District-Mewat Haryana. Haryana: Agricultural Technology Management Agency.
Singh, C. K., Shashtri, S., Mukherjee, S., Kumari, R., Avatar, R., Singh, A., & Singh, R. P. (2011a). Application of GWQI to assess effect of land use change on groundwater quality in lower Shiwaliks of Punjab: remote sensing and GIS based approach. Water Resources Management, 25(7), 1881–1898.
Singh, C. K., Rina, K., Singh, R., Shashtri, S., Kamal, V., & Mukherjee, S. (2011b). Geochemical modeling of high fluoride concentration in groundwater of Pokhran area of Rajasthan, India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 86(2), 152–158.
Singh, C. K., Shashtri, S., Singh, A., & Mukherjee, S. (2011c). Quantitative modeling of groundwater in Satluj River basin of Rupnagar district of Punjab using remote sensing and geographic information system. Environmental Earth Sciences, 62(4), 871–881.
Singh, C. K., Kumari, R., Singh, N., Mallick, J., & Mukherjee, S. (2012). Fluoride enrichment in aquifers of the Thar Desert: controlling factors and its geochemical modelling. Hydrological Processes, 27(17), 2462–2474.
Stigter, T., Ribeiro, L., & Dill, A. C. (2006). Application of a groundwater quality index as an assessment and communication tool in agro-environmental policies–two Portuguese case studies. Journal of Hydrology, 327(3), 578–591.
Surinaidu, L., Bacon, C., & Pavelic, P. (2013). Agricultural groundwater management in the Upper Bhima Basin, India: current status and future scenarios. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17(2), 507–517.
Thomas, N., Sheler, R., Reith, B., Plenner, S., Sharma, L. M., Saiphy, S., Basu, N., Muste, M. M. (2012). Rapid assessment of the fresh-saline groundwater interaction in the Semi-arid Mewat District (India).
World Bank. (2011). India groundwater governance. Washington: World Bank.
Wu, W., Yin, S., Liu, H., & Chen, H. (2014). Groundwater vulnerability assessment and feasibility mapping under reclaimed water irrigation by a modified DRASTIC model. Water Resources Management, 28(5), 1219–1234.
Acknowledgments
Authors would like to acknowledge the guidance of Dr I P Abrol, Director, Centre for Advancement of Sustainable Agriculture, New Delhi, India for his support and suggestions in this research. Authors are also thankful to HARSAC, Department of Agriculture, Department of Economics and Statistics, Mewat, CGWB office, Sehgal foundation, KVK Mewat, and soil testing lab, Karnal, Haryana for sharing data and useful information. We are also grateful to the farming community of Mewat district for their kind cooperation and active participation in the field data collection.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Mehra, M., Oinam, B. & Singh, C.K. Integrated Assessment of Groundwater for Agricultural Use in Mewat District of Haryana, India Using Geographical Information System (GIS). J Indian Soc Remote Sens 44, 747–758 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-015-0541-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-015-0541-6