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δ13C and δ15N variation on guanacos in Tierra del Fuego: references for terrestrial foodwebs in a high-latitude island

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Abstract

The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) was a key staple hunted by foragers throughout the Holocene in southern South America. Stable isotope analyses provide insights about guanaco long-term ecology. Particularly, the characterization of prey habitat and feeding behavior in the past is of the utmost interest for zooarchaeological models. Therefore, we evaluate δ13C and δ15N variation in guanacos inhabiting different C3 plant communities in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). δ13C and δ15N values derived from bone collagen samples (n = 60), both archeological and modern, serve as geographical markers of forest-steppe environments during the late Holocene. Increased isotopic variation in the middle Holocene could be related either to variations in the terrestrial baseline or to changing dietary behavior of guanacos in a fluctuating environment. Measures of isotopic variability did not clearly correlate to hunting strategies, since areas with similar patterns in the exploitation of guanacos show differences in their isotopic niche size and distribution. Among the samples from the southern coast, there is a strong negative correlation between δ13C and δ15N. This is a trend not observed in herbivores from the forests of continental Patagonia, suggesting that different factors structure natural isotopic variation in guanacos from the Fuegian forest. δ13C and δ15N variation on bone assemblages probably reflect that guanacos fed in confined home-ranges, as it is observed in modern populations, and that hunting activities were developed at patches relatively close to the sites.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by PICT-2013-1011 and PICT-2017-1230 (FONCYT). Excavations and research in Túnel I and Imiwaia I sites were conducted by Luis Orquera and Ernesto Piana (CONICET). Germán Pinto Vargas helped with the selection of zooarchaeological samples. Taxonomical identification of terrestrial plants was done by Dr. Rosina Soler (CADIC-CONICET). Thanks to Estela Ducós (INGEIS-UBA/CONICET) and Nazareno Piperissa (INGEIS-UBA/ CONICET) for the stable isotopes analyses. The authors are responsible for the contents of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INGEIS-CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria S/n, Pabellón Ingeis, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Sayuri Kochi & Augusto Tessone

  2. CADIC-CONICET, Bernardo Houssay 200, Ushuaia, Argentina

    Atilio Francisco Zangrando, Daniela Alunni, Mónica Salemme, Fernando C. Santiago & Martín Vázquez

  3. Far Western Anthropological Research Group, University of Utah, 2727 Del Rio Place, Davis, CA, USA

    Andrew Ugan

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  1. Sayuri Kochi
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Correspondence to Sayuri Kochi.

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Kochi, S., Tessone, A., Zangrando, A.F. et al. δ13C and δ15N variation on guanacos in Tierra del Fuego: references for terrestrial foodwebs in a high-latitude island. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 12, 52 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01011-7

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