Abstract
The increasing frequency of urban flooding episodes is a cause for concern for urban management and deciders. In this research, two benchmark urban flood inundation modeling (FIM) studies under the European Union-funded IMPACT Project are modeled with the 2D Sedimentation and River Hydraulics model, SRH2D. The two studies are “the model city flooding experiment” and the “isolated building” test case.
The model result comparison with the measured datasets are carried out in terms of time series of flow depths at gauge locations as well as the surface flow velocity maps over the whole domain. The model is also assessed for different building treatments in the computational mesh. The model performed admirably in reproducing the flow depths at the gauge locations with a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency value of 0.89. The model discrepancy is mostly due to 3D effects, which are predominant, right after the dam-break flow release from the reservoir. The second case study investigates dam-break flow around a single building as opposed to the first case study, which is focused on a locality exposed to flood. The study points to the promise held by the 2D shallow water equation-based FIM models in tracking the flood progression and providing a reliable spatiotemporal numerical dataset for the flow depths and discharges, which is a key ingredient that goes into the generation of flood hazard maps.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abderrezzak KE, Paquier A, Mignot E (2009) Modelling flash flood propagation in urban areas using a two-dimensional numerical model. Nat Hazards 50:433–460
Alcrudo F, Garcia P, Brufau P, Murillo J, Garcia D, Mulet J, Testa G, Zuccala D (2005) The model city flooding experiment. http://www.impact-project.net/AnnexII_DetailedTechnicalReports/AnnexII_PartB_WP3/Model_City_Flooding_Experiment.pdf accessed on 13 July 2019
An H, Yu S (2012) Well-balanced shallow water flow simulation on quadtree cut cell grids. Adv Water Resour 39:60–70
Arrault A, Finaud-Guyot P, Archambeau P, Bruwier M, Erpicum S, Pirotton M, Dewals B (2016) Hydrodynamics of long-duration urban floods: experiments and numerical modelling. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 16:1413–1429
Cea L, Puertas J, Vazquez-Cendon ME (2007) Depth-averaged modeling of turbulent shallow water flow with wet-dry fronts. Arch Comput Methods Eng 14:303–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-007-9009-3
Chanson H (2004) The hydraulics of open channel flow: an introduction, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Guinot V (2012) Multiple porosity shallow water models for macroscopic modelling of urban floods. Adv Water Resour 37:40–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.11.002
Haider S, Paquier A, Morel R, Champagne J-Y (2003) Urban flood modelling using computational fluid dynamics. Proc Inst Civ Eng UK J Water Marit Eng 156(2):129–135
Haider S, Gabriel HF, Khan SA (2017) Supercritical flow simulation at a right channel junction. Comparison between a uniform and a sparse mesh. KSCE J Civ Eng 21:2984–2990
Haider S, Gabriel HF, Mubeen A (2019) Flow division at a free-surface, three-channel intersection using 1D shallow water equations. Arab J Sci Eng 44:8489–8501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-03849-z
IMPACT (Investigation of extreme flood processes and uncertainty) (2005) Final Technical Report. http://www.impact-project.net/IMPACT_DetailedTechnicalReport_v2_2.pdf accessed on 13 July 2019
Kim B, Sanders B, Schubert JE, Famiglietti JS (2014) Mesh type tradeoffs in 2d hydrodynamic modelling of flooding with a Godunov-based flow solver. Adv Water Resour 68:42–61
Lacasta A, Morales-Hernandez M, Murillo J, Garcia-Navarro P (2014) An optimized GPU implementation of a 2D free surface simulation model on unstructured meshes. Adv Eng Softw 78:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2014.08.007
Lai YG (2008) SRH-2D version 2: theory and user’s manual sedimentation and river-hydraulics-two-dimensional river flow modeling. USBR Technical Service Centre, Denver, Colorado https://wwwusbrgov/tsc/techreferences/computer%20software/models/srh2d/indexhtml accessed 12 July 2018
Lai YG (2010) Two-dimensional depth-averaged flow modeling with an unstructured hybrid mesh. ASCE J Hydraul Eng 136(1):12–23
Li H, Zhang Y (2016) Regionalising rainfall–runoff modelling for predicting daily runoff in continental Australia. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci Discuss:1–24. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-464
Lipeme Kouyi G, Riviere N, Vidalat V, Becquet A, Chocat B, Guinot V (2010) Urban flooding: one-dimensional modelling of the distribution of the discharges through cross-road intersections accounting for energy losses. Water Sci Technol 61(8):2021–2026
Mark O, Weesakul S, Apirumanekul C, Aroonet SB, Djordjevic S (2004) Potential and limitations of 1D modelling of urban flooding. J Hydrol 299:284–299
McMillan HK, Brasington J (2006) Reduced complexity strategies for modelling urban floodplain inundation. Geomorphology 90:226–243
Mignot E, Paquier A, Haider S (2006) Modeling floods in a dense urban area using 2D shallow water equations. J Hydrol 327:186–199
Paquier A, Tanguy JM, Haider S, Zhang B (2003) Estimation des niveaux d’inondation pour une crue eclair en milieu urbain: comparaison de deux modeles hydrodynamiques sur la crue de Nımes d’octobre 1988. Rev Sci Eau 16(1):79–102
Sardar A, Bui MD, ul Hasson S, Rutschmann P (2018) An innovative approach to minimizing uncertainty in sediment load boundary conditions for modelling sedimentation in reservoirs. Water 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101411
Schubert JE, Sanders BF (2012) Building treatments for urban flood inundation models and implications for predictive skills and modelling efficiency. Adv Water Resour 41:49–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.02.012
Shewchuk JR (1996) Triangle: engineering a 2D quality mesh generator and Delaunay Triangulator. In: Lin MC, Manocha D (eds) Applied computational geometry: towards geometric engineering, lecture notes in computer science, vol 1148. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 203–222
Shige-eda M, Akiyama J (2003) Numerical and experimental study on two-dimensional flood flows with and without structures. ASCE J Hydraul Eng 129(10):817–821
Soares-Frazao S, Zech Y (2007) Experimental study of dam-break flow against an isolated obstacle. J Hydraul Res 45(sup1):27–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2007.9521830
Soares-Frazao S, L’Homme J, Guinot V, Zech Y (2008) Two-dimensional shallow-water model with porosity for urban flood modelling. J Hydraul Res 46(1):45–64
Teng J, Jakeman AJ, Vaze J, Croke BFW, Dutta D, Kim S (2017) Flood inundation modelling: a review of methods, recent advances and uncertainty analysis. Environ Model Softw 90:201–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.01.006
Testa G, Zuccala D, Alcrudo F, Mulet J, Soares-Frazao S (2007) Flash flood flow experiment in a simplified urban district. J Hydraul Res 45(sup1):37–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2007.9521831
Vazquez-Amábile GG, Engel BA (2005) Use of SWAT to compute groundwater table depth and streamflow in the Muscatatuck River watershed. Trans ASAE 48(3):991–1003
Vischer DL, Hager WH (1998) Dam hydraulics. Wiley, Chichester
Yu D (2010) Parallelization of a two-dimensional flood inundation model based on domain decomposition. Environ Model Softw 25:935–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.03.003
Zhiyin Y (2015) Large-eddy simulation: past, present and the future. Chin J Aeronaut 28(1):11–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2014.12.007
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Amjad Kallel
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haider, S., Saeed, U. & Shahid, M. 2D numerical modeling of two dam-break flood model studies in an urban locality. Arab J Geosci 13, 682 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05709-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05709-9