Abstract
Cement-based grouting has been widely used in underground coal mining to improve the overall quality of highly fractured rock masses. Due to the difficulties in obtaining characteristic specimens from highly fractured coal rocks, there are very limited laboratory studies investigating the effect of grout on the strength of coal. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap by examining the effects of grouting on fractured coal in terms of overall shear strength. Two failure modes associated with coal and grouted coal specimens have been identified. The results show the shear strength improvement of grouted coal specimens as indicated by the improvement of their peak and residual cohesion as well as friction angle when the amount of reinforcing grout increases. Linear regression models were constructed for the prediction of shear strength parameters based on grout percentages. These models can be used as a guideline for the preliminary design of pre-grouting applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Au SKA, Soga K, Jafari MR et al (2003) Factors affecting long-term efficiency of compensation grouting in clays. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 129:254–262. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:3(254)
Basarir H, Sun Y, Li G (2019) Gateway stability analysis by global-local modeling approach. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 113:31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.11.010
Shenggen C, Changyou L (1998) Mechanism of grout-reinforcement of brokon roof in coal faces. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 27(3):288–290
Duan H, Jiang Z, Zhu S et al (2012) New composite grouting materials: modified urea–formaldehyde resin with cement. Int J Min Sci Technol 22:195–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2011.08.009
Gu S, Su P, Luo J et al (2009) Application of optimized design on grout mixing formula [J]. Coal Sci Technol 7:13
Hao YH, Azzam R (2005) The plastic zones and displacements around underground openings in rock masses containing a fault. Tunn Undergr Sp Technol 20:49–61
He M, Li G, Wang J, Cai J (2007) Study on supporting design for large area serious roof caving of deep soft rock roadway in Xing’an coal mine. Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese J Rock Mech Eng 26:959–964
Hongpu K, Zhiqiang F (2013) Status and development tendency of roadway grouting reinforcement technology in coal mine. Coal Min Technol 18:1–7
Kang H (2014) Support technologies for deep and complex roadways in underground coal mines: a review. Int J Coal Sci Technol 1:261–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-014-0043-0
Kang Y, Liu Q, Gong G, Wang H (2014) Application of a combined support system to the weak floor reinforcement in deep underground coal mine. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 71:143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.03.017
Li HY (2001) Major and minor structural features of a bedding shear zone along a coal seam and related gas outburst, Pingdingshan coalfield, northern China. Int J Coal Geol 47:101–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00031-3
Li S, Han WW, Zhang Q et al (2013) Research on time-dependent behavior of viscosity of fast curing grouts in underground construction grouting. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 32:1–7
Littlejohn S (2003) The development of practice in permeation and compensation grouting: a historical review (1802–2002): part 1 permeation grouting. In: Grouting and Ground Treatment, pp 50–99
Liu Q, Lei G, Peng X, Lu C, Wei L (2017) Rheological characteristics of cement grout and its effect on mechanical properties of a rock fracture. Rock Mech Rock Eng 51:613–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1340-x
Lu Y, Wang L, Li Z, Sun H (2016) Experimental study on the shear behavior of regular sandstone joints filled with cement grout. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50:1321–1336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1154-2
Ma H, Liu Q (2017) Prediction of the peak shear strength of sandstone and mudstone joints infilled with high water–cement ratio grouts. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50:2021–2037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1225-z
Meng B, Jing H, Chen K, Su H (2013) Failure mechanism and stability control of a large section of very soft roadway surrounding rock shear slip. Int J Min Sci Technol 23:127–134
Mozumder RA, Laskar AI, Hussain M (2018) Penetrability prediction of microfine cement grout in granular soil using Artificial Intelligence techniques. Tunn Undergr Sp Technol 72:131–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.11.023
Nikbakhtan B, Osanloo M (2009) Effect of grout pressure and grout flow on soil physical and mechanical properties in jet grouting operations. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 46:498–505
Nilsen B, Palmstrøm A (2001) Stability and water leakage of hard rock subsea tunnels. In: Modern Tunnelling Science and Technology. Proceedings of International Symposium IS-Kyoto, CRC Press, Rotterdam, pp 497–502
Nong Z, Chaojiong H, Qinmin C, Biaobin D (1998) Mechanical properties of broken rock after grouting reinforcement [J]. Rock Soil Mech 3:8
Qian D, Zhang N, Pan D et al (2017) Stability of deep underground openings through large fault zones in argillaceous rock. Sustainability 9:2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9112153
Sadeghiyeh SM, Hashemi M, Ajalloeian R (2013) Comparison of permeability and groutability of Ostur dam site rock mass for grout curtain design. Rock Mech Rock Eng 46:341–357
Salimian MH, Baghbanan A, Hashemolhosseini H et al (2017) Effect of grouting on shear behavior of rock joint. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 98:159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.07.002
She C-X, Sun F-T (2017) Study of the peak shear strength of a cement-filled hard rock joint. Rock Mech Rock Eng 51:713–728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1358-0
Soga K, Au SKA, Jafari MR, Bolton MD (2004) Laboratory investigation of multiple grout injections into clay. Géotechnique 55:257–258. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2005.55.3.257
Sun L, Wu H, Yang B, Li Q (2015) Support failure of a high-stress soft-rock roadway in deep coal mine and the equalized yielding support technology: a case study. Int J Coal Sci Technol 2:279–286
Sun Y, Zhang J, Li G et al (2019a) Optimized neural network using beetle antennae search for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of jet grouting coalcretes. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 43:801–813. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2891
Sun Y, Zhang J, Li G et al (2019b) Determination of Young’s modulus of jet grouted coalcretes using an intelligent model. Eng Geol 252:43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.02.021
Türkmen S, Özgüzel N (2003) Grouting a tunnel cave-in from the surface: a case study on Kurtkulağı irrigation tunnel, Turkey. Tunn Undergr Sp Technol 18:365–375
Uromeihy A, Farrokhi R (2012) Evaluating groutability at the Kamal-Saleh dam based on Lugeon tests. Bull Eng Geol Environ 71:215–219
Wang JF, Zhang HB, Guan XM (2011) The study on micro- fine cement grouting matial applying in colrl reinforcement. J Henan Polytech Univ Sci 30:145–148
Wang Q, Wang S, Sloan SW et al (2016) Experimental investigation of pressure grouting in sand. Soils Found 56:161–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2016.02.001
Xu J, Xuan D, He C (2014) Innovative backfilling longwall panel layout for better subsidence control effect—separating adjacent subcritical panels with pillars. Int J Coal Sci Technol 1:297–305
Zhang J (2005) Investigations of water inrushes from aquifers under coal seams. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 42:350–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.11.010
Zhang D, Fang Q, Lou H (2014) Grouting techniques for the unfavorable geological conditions of Xiang’an subsea tunnel in China. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 6:438–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2014.07.005
Funding
The work was supported by the projects of “National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC0600901),” “National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51574224).” The first author is grateful to the Chinese Scholarship Council for providing scholarships (Grant No.201706420023). The authors are grateful to the Huaibei Mining (Group) Co. Ltd. Special thanks to Dr Zuqi Wang for her encouragement and help.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Zeynal Abiddin Erguler
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, Y., Li, G., Basarir, H. et al. Laboratory evaluation of shear strength properties for cement-based grouted coal mass. Arab J Geosci 12, 690 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4908-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4908-9