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Anchorage behaviour of reinforced specimens containing a single fissure under uniaxial loading: a particle mechanics approach

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Abstract

Particle flow code (PFC2D) software was adopted to investigate the anchorage behaviour and the characteristics of crack initiation, propagation and coalescence of reinforced specimens containing a single fissure (RSCSF). The microscopic parameters of the specimens in the numerical simulation were first validated by experimental outcomes of intact specimens, while the microscopic parameters of the rock bolts were validated based on the results of the RSCSF tests. Then, the mechanical parameters as well as the failure modes in the physical experiments were compared with those derived by the numerical simulation; the results showed good agreement between the simulated macroscopic mechanical properties and failure modes and those obtained in the laboratory experiments. The peak strength, number of cracks and the failure mode varied considerably as the anchorage angle α and fissure angle β increased. Three types of stress–strain curves, types I to III, were obtained from the RSCSF. Shear cracks were observed for all three categories of curves, but the tensile cracks were dominant. The number of cracks and the rate of bond failures decreased as the curve changed from type II to type I to type III. RSCSF failure can be classified into three failure modes: (1) tip crack propagation mode, (2) midpoint crack propagation mode and (3) rock bolt crack propagation mode. These failure modes are primarily differentiated by relations between α and β, and the ratio UCSS/UCSI between the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS, σ max) of the RSCSF (UCSS) and the uniaxial compressive strength of the intact specimen (UCSI).

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Abbreviations

E n , E s :

Normal and shear stiffness

σ n , τ s :

Normal and shear stress

u n , u s :

Normal and shear displacement

σ max :

Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS)

τ max :

Shear strength

\( {\sigma}_r^T \) :

Residual tensile strength

c :

Cohesive strength

c r :

Residual cohesive strength

ϕ :

Friction angle

ϕ r :

Residual friction angle

△u s :

Incremental contact shear displacement

α :

Anchorage angle

β :

Fissure angle

N :

The total number of cracks

N t :

The number of tensile cracks

N s :

The number of shear cracks

ε max :

Peak axial strain

E slope :

The elastic modulus refers to the slope

UCSS :

the UCS of the RSCSF

UCSI :

the UCS of the intact specimen

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos: 51474208), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos: 2014XT01), the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Grant Nos: PAPD), Graduate Students of Jiangsu Province Innovation Program (Grant Nos: KYLX_1404) and CUMT Innovation and Entrepreneurship Fund for Undergraduates (Grant Nos: 201504).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China

    Zhaohui Chong, Xuehua Li, Qiangling Yao & Tian Chen

  2. Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining (CUMT), Ministry of Education, Xuzhou, 221008, China

    Zhaohui Chong, Xuehua Li, Qiangling Yao & Tian Chen

  3. School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China

    Ji Zhang

Authors
  1. Zhaohui Chong
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  2. Xuehua Li
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  3. Qiangling Yao
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  4. Ji Zhang
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  5. Tian Chen
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Correspondence to Xuehua Li.

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Chong, Z., Li, X., Yao, Q. et al. Anchorage behaviour of reinforced specimens containing a single fissure under uniaxial loading: a particle mechanics approach. Arab J Geosci 9, 592 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2618-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2618-0

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