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The Roles of the Olivocerebellar Pathway in Motor Learning and Motor Control. A Consensus Paper

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Abstract

For many decades, the predominant view in the cerebellar field has been that the olivocerebellar system’s primary function is to induce plasticity in the cerebellar cortex, specifically, at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse. However, it has also long been proposed that the olivocerebellar system participates directly in motor control by helping to shape ongoing motor commands being issued by the cerebellum. Evidence consistent with both hypotheses exists; however, they are often investigated as mutually exclusive alternatives. In contrast, here, we take the perspective that the olivocerebellar system can contribute to both the motor learning and motor control functions of the cerebellum and might also play a role in development. We then consider the potential problems and benefits of it having multiple functions. Moreover, we discuss how its distinctive characteristics (e.g., low firing rates, synchronization, and variable complex spike waveforms) make it more or less suitable for one or the other of these functions, and why having multiple functions makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. We did not attempt to reach a consensus on the specific role(s) the olivocerebellar system plays in different types of movements, as that will ultimately be determined experimentally; however, collectively, the various contributions highlight the flexibility of the olivocerebellar system, and thereby suggest that it has the potential to act in both the motor learning and motor control functions of the cerebellum.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY, USA

    Eric J. Lang & Jianqiang Xiao

  2. School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Richard Apps & Nadia L Cerminara

  3. Neural Basis for Sensorimotor Control, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Fredrik Bengtsson & Henrik Jörntell

  4. Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, NL-3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Chris I De Zeeuw

  5. Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Chris I De Zeeuw & Ozgecan Ozyildirim

  6. Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Timothy J. Ebner & Laurentiu S. Popa

  7. Department Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

    Detlef H. Heck

  8. Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Dieter Jaeger

  9. Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, ATR, Kyoto, Japan

    Mitsuo Kawato

  10. Department of Neurobiology and Integrated Center for Learning and Memory, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Thomas S. Otis & Alexander M. B. Reeves

  11. Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Nicolas Schweighofer

  12. Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

    Izumi Sugihara

Authors
  1. Eric J. Lang
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  2. Richard Apps
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  3. Fredrik Bengtsson
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  4. Nadia L Cerminara
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  5. Chris I De Zeeuw
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  6. Timothy J. Ebner
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  7. Detlef H. Heck
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  8. Dieter Jaeger
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  9. Henrik Jörntell
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  10. Mitsuo Kawato
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  11. Thomas S. Otis
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  12. Ozgecan Ozyildirim
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  13. Laurentiu S. Popa
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  14. Alexander M. B. Reeves
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  15. Nicolas Schweighofer
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  16. Izumi Sugihara
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  17. Jianqiang Xiao
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric J. Lang.

Ethics declarations

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed, and all procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Lang, E.J., Apps, R., Bengtsson, F. et al. The Roles of the Olivocerebellar Pathway in Motor Learning and Motor Control. A Consensus Paper. Cerebellum 16, 230–252 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-016-0787-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-016-0787-8

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