Abstract
Expanded school mental health (ESMH) programs often involve individuals from a variety of professions working together to address student needs evident across school, family, and community systems. Profession-driven differences in philosophies, expectations regarding confidentiality, and graduate training that reinforces isolated rather than interprofessional approaches to working with students, however, represent real challenges to maximizing the potential of ESMH. To address these issues, this exploratory study identified a common set of competencies to support interprofessional practice in ESMH. A total of 51 competencies were identified across seven theme areas, including: (1) Key Policies and Laws; (2) Interprofessional Collaboration; (3) Cross-Systems Collaboration; (4) Provision of Academic, Social-Emotional, and Behavioral Learning Supports; (5) Data-Driven Decision-Making; (6) Personal and Professional Growth and Well-Being; and, (7) Cultural Competence. Mapping of the competencies to existing accreditation and practice standards for selected professions revealed shared and unique competencies. Implications for workforce development and future research are offered.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adelman, H. S., & Taylor, L. (2000). Shaping the future of mental health in schools. Psychology in the Schools, 37(1), 49–60. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6807(200001)37:1<49:AID-PITS6>3.0.CO;2-0.
Anderson-Butcher, D. (2006). The role of the educator in early identification, referral and linkage. In R. J. Waller (Ed.), Child and adolescent mental health issues in the classroom. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Anderson-Butcher, D., & Ashton, D. (2004). Innovative models of collaboration to serve children, youth, families, and communities. Children & Schools, 26(1), 39–53.
Anderson-Butcher, D., Keane, K., Kinsway, T., Drew, H., Saltzburg, S., & Durham, L. (2008a). School social work competencies. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University, College of Social Work.
Anderson-Butcher, D., Lawson, H. A., Bean, J., Flaspohler, P., Boone, B., & Kwiatkowski, A. (2008b). Community collaboration to improve schools: Introducing a new model from Ohio. Children & Schools, 30(3), 161–172.
Anderson-Butcher, D., Lawson, H. A., Iachini, A., Bean, J., Flaspohler, P., & Zullig, K. (in press). Capacity-related innovations resulting from pilot school and district implementation of a community collaboration model for school improvement. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation.
Ball, A., Anderson-Butcher, D., Mellin, E. A., & Green, J. (2010). Comparing preparation for expanded school mental health among school-hired and community-based professionals (manuscript in progress).
Bemak, F. (2000). Transforming the role of the counselor to provide leadership in educational reform through collaboration. Professional School Counseling, 3, 323–331.
Center for Exceptional Children. (2006). CEC ethics and practice standards. Retrieved from http://www.cec.sped.org.
Council for Exceptional Children. (2005). CEC knowledge and skill base for all beginning special education teachers of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Virginia: Author.
Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2008). 2009 standards. Retrieved from http://www.cacrep.org/2009Standards.html. Counselor Education and Supervision, 49, 137–155.
Flaherty, L. T., Garrison, E. G., Waxman, R., Uris, P. F., Keys, S. G., Glass-Siegel, M., et al. (1998). Optimizing the roles of school mental health professionals. Journal of School Health, 68, 420–424. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1998.tb06321.x.
Green, J. H., Maras, M., Reiger, C., Jones, K., Marconi, M., & Perlin, R. (2008). Triumphs & tribulations of a community-university partnership in expanded school mental health. In T. S. Poetter & J. Eagle (Eds.), The art and science of partnership: Catalytic cases of school, university, and community renewal. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Greenberg, M., Weissberg, R. P., O’Brien, M. U., Zins, J. E., Fredericks, L., Resnik, H., et al. (2003). Enhancing school-based prevention and youth development through coordinated social, emotional, and academic learning. American Psychologist, 58(6/7), 466–474. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.6-7.466.
Hoge, M. A., Morris, J. A., Daniels, A. S., Stuart, G. W., Leighton, Y. H., & Adams, N. (2006). An action plan for behavioral health workforce development. Washington, DC: The Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce.
Iachini, A. L., Dorr, C., & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2008). Fostoria Community Schools’ innovative approach to refining and coordinating their school-based mental health service delivery system. Report on Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Youth, 69–75.
Koller, J. R., Osterlind, S., Paris, K., & Weston, K. J. (2004). Differences between novice and expert teachers’ undergraduate preparation and ratings of importance in the area of children’s mental health. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 6(2), 40–45.
Lindsey, M., Weist, M. D., Lever, N. A., Stephan, S., Cunningham, D., Green, M., et al. (2008). Best practices and innovations in school mental health. Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland, School of Social Work.
Mellin, E. A. (2009a). Unpacking interdisciplinary collaboration in expanded school mental health service utilization for children and adolescents. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 2, 5–15.
Mellin, E. A. (2009b). Responding to the crisis in youth mental health: Potential roles for the counseling profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87, 501–506.
Mellin, E. A., Bronstein, L., Anderson-Butcher, D., Amorose, A. J., Ball, A., & Green, J. (in press). Measuring interprofessional team collaboration in expanded school mental health: Model refinement and scale development. Journal of Interprofessional Care.
Mellin, E. A., Hunt, B., & Brislin, D. (2009). Rehabilitation counselor preparation for work with youth with psychiatric disabilities. Rehabilitation Education, 52, 167–178.
Mellin, E. A., & Pertuit, T. (2009). Research priorities for mental health counseling with youth: Implications for counselor preparation, professional development, and research. Counselor Education and Supervision, 49, 137–155.
Mintz, D. (2007). School personnel competencies for supporting student mental health. Vermont: Author.
National Assembly on School-Based Health Care. (2007). Mental health planning and evaluation template. Washington, DC: Author.
National Assembly on School-Based Health Care. (n.d.). The proposed Maryland mental health workforce core competencies. Washington, DC: Author.
National Association of School Psychologists. (2000). Domains of school psychology training and practice. In Standards for training and field placement programs in school psychology. Bethesda, MD: Author.
National Association of Social Workers. (2009). Standards for school social work services. Retrieved from http://www.socialworkers.org/sections/credentials/school_social.asp.
National Training and Development Consortium for Coordinated School Health. (2003). Building competencies for managers and staff of coordinated school health programs. Charleston, WV: Author.
National Training and Development Consortium for School Health. (n.d.).
New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. (2003). Final report to the president. Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov/reports/reports.htm. No Child Left Behind Act. Pub. L. No. 107-110. (2001).
Osterloh, A. E., & Koorland, M. A. (1997). Working together: Mental health and special education collaboration in Florida. In C. J. Liberton, K. Kutash, & R. M. Friedman (Eds.), A system of care for children’s mental health: Expanding the research base. Tampa, FL: Research and Training Center for Children’s Mental Health.
Owens, J. S., Murphy, C. E., Richerson, L., Girio, E. L., & Himawan, L. K. (2009). Science to practice in underserved communities: The effectiveness of school mental health programming. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(2), 434–447. doi:10.1080/15374410801955912.
Padgett, D. K. (1999). Qualitative methods in social work research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Paternite, C. E. (2004). Involving educators in school-based mental health programs. In K. E. Robinson (Ed.), School-based mental health: Best practices and program models. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute, Inc.
Paternite, C. E., Weist, M. D., Axelrod, J., Anderson-Butcher, D., & Weston, K. (2006). School-based behavioral health workforce development. Washington, DC: The Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce.
Reddy, L. A., Newman, E., De Thomas, C. A., & Chun, V. (2009). Effectiveness of school-based prevention and intervention programs for children and adolescents with emotional disturbance: A meta-analysis. Journal of School Psychology, 47, 77–99. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2008.11.001.
Rones, M., & Hoagwood, K. (2000). School-based mental health services: A research review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3(4), 223–241.
Sim, J., & Wright, C. C. (2005). The kappa statistic in reliability studies: Use, interpretation, and sample size requirements. Physical Therapy, 85(3), 257–268.
Trusty, J., Mellin, E. A., & Herbert, J. T. (2008). Closing achievement gaps: Roles and tasks for elementary school counselors. The Elementary School Journal, 108, 407–421. doi:10.1086/589470.
Vanderbleek, L. M. (2004). Engaging families in school-based mental health treatment. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 26, 211–224.
Waxman, R. P., Weist, M. D., & Benson, D. M. (1999). Toward collaboration in the growing education-mental health interface. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 239–253. doi:0.1016/S0272-7358(98)00072-5.
Weist, M. D. (1997). Expanded school mental health services: A national movement in progress. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 319–353.
Weist, M. D., Evans, S. W., & Lever, N. A. (2003). Advancing mental health practice and research in schools. In M. D. Weist, S. W. Evans, & N. A. Lever (Eds.), Handbook of school mental health: Advancing practice and research. New York, NY: Springer.
Weist, M. D., & Paternite, C. E. (2006). Building an interconnected policy-training-practice-research agenda to advance school mental health. Education and Treatment of Children, 29(2), 173–196.
Weist, M. D., Stephan, S., Lever, N., Moore, E., & Lewis, K. (2006). School mental health quality assessment questionnaire (SMHQAQ). Maryland: Center for School Mental Health Analysis & Action.
Weston, K. J., Anderson-Butcher, D., & Burke, R. W. (2008). Developing a comprehensive curriculum framework for teacher preparation in expanded school mental health. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 1(4), 25–41.
Whelley, P. (2004). Children’s mental health: Strategies for educators. National Association of School Psychologists. Helping children at home and school II: Handouts for families and educators. Retrieved from http://www.nasponline.org/resources/intonline/cmh_whelley.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Megan Lehnert, Mark Weist, and the members of the Mental Health Education Integration Consortium.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ball, A., Anderson-Butcher, D., Mellin, E.A. et al. A Cross-Walk of Professional Competencies Involved in Expanded School Mental Health: An Exploratory Study. School Mental Health 2, 114–124 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-010-9039-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-010-9039-0