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Tumor Microenvironment and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Cancer Microenvironment

Abstract

Tumor progression has been demonstrated to be supported by chronic inflammatory conditions developed in the tumor microenvironment and characterized by the long-term secretion of various inflammatory soluble factors (including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, prostaglandins etc.) and strong leukocyte infiltration. Among leukocytes infiltrating tumors, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent one of the most important players mediating immunosuppression. These cells may not only strongly inhibit an anti-tumor immune reactions mediated by T cells but also directly stimulate tumorigenesis, tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing neoangiogenesis and creating a suitable environment for the metastatic formation. This review provides an overview of interactions between MDSCs and tumor cells leading to MDSC generation, activation and migration to the tumor site, where they can strongly enhance tumor progression. Better understanding of the MDSC-tumor interplay is critical for the development of new strategies of tumor immunotherapy.

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Abbreviations

MDSCs:

myeloid-derived suppressor cells

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

TGF:

transforming growth factor

IL:

interleukin

Tregs:

regulatory T cells

TAMs:

tumor-associated macrophages

DCs:

dendritic cells

STAT:

signal transducer and activator of transcription

iNOS:

inducible nitric oxide synthase

ARG:

arginase

NO:

nitric oxide

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

TCR:

T cell receptor

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor

IFN:

interferon

GM-CSF:

granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

G-CSF:

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

M-CSF:

macrophage colony-stimulating factor

CCL:

chemokine C-C motif ligand

COX:

cyclooxygenase

PGE2:

prostaglandin E2

SCF:

stem cell factor

ATRA:

all-trans-retinoic acid

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the DKFZ-MOST Cooperation in Cancer Research (grant CA128, to VU), Dr. Mildred Scheel Foundation for Cancer Research (grant 108992, to VU), the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association within the Helmholtz Alliance on Immunotherapy of Cancer (to VU).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Viktor Umansky & Alexandra Sevko

  2. Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Viktor Umansky & Alexandra Sevko

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  1. Viktor Umansky
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  2. Alexandra Sevko
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Correspondence to Viktor Umansky.

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Umansky, V., Sevko, A. Tumor Microenvironment and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancer Microenvironment 6, 169–177 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12307-012-0126-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12307-012-0126-7

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