Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

New sources of lentil germplasm for aluminium toxicity tolerance identified by high throughput hydroponic screening

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aluminium (Al) toxicity in acid soils inhibits root elongation and development causing reduced water and nutrient uptake by the root system, which ultimately reduces the crop yield. This study established a high throughput hydroponics screening method and identified Al toxicity tolerant accessions from a set of putative acid tolerant lentil accessions. Four-day old lentil seedlings were screened at 5 µM Al (pH 4.5) for three days in hydroponics. Measured pre and post treatment root length was used to calculate the change in root length (ΔRL) and relative root growth (RRG%). A subset of 15 selected accessions were used for acid soil Al screening, and histochemical and biochemical analyses. Al treatment significantly reduced the ΔRL with an average of 32.3% reduction observed compared to the control. Approximately 1/4 of the focused identification of germplasm strategy accessions showed higher RRG% than the known tolerant line ILL6002 which has the RRG% of 37.9. Very tolerant accessions with RRG% of > 52% were observed in 5.4% of the total accessions. A selection index calculated based on all root traits in acid soil screening was highest in AGG70137 (636.7) whereas it was lowest in Precoz (76.3). All histochemical and biochemical analyses supported the hydroponic results as Northfield, AGG70137, AGG70561 and AGG70281 showed consistent good performance. The identified new sources of Al tolerant lentil germplasm can be used to breed new Al toxicity tolerant lentil varieties. The established high throughput hydroponic method can be routinely used for screening lentil breeding populations for Al toxicity tolerance. Future recommendations could include evaluation of the yield potential of the selected subset of accessions under acid soil field conditions, and the screening of a wider range of landrace accessions originating from areas with Al toxic acid soils.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • AACM-International (1995) Social and economic feasibility of ameliorating soil acidification: A national review. WEB (Copy 1) DIGIT 66528-2001 ONLINE. Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corp.

  • ABARES (2018) Australian crop report.

  • Aggarwal A, Ezaki B, Tripathi BN (2015) Two detoxification mechanisms by external malate detoxification and anti-peroxidation enzymes cooperatively confer aluminum tolerance in the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Environ Exp Bot 120:43–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aguilera JG, Minozzo JA, Barichello D, Fogaça CM, da Silva JP, Consoli L, Pereira JF (2016) Alleles of organic acid transporter genes are highly correlated with wheat resistance to acidic soil in field conditions. Theor Appl Genet 129:1317–1331

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akhter A, Wagatsuma T, Khan M, Tawaraya K (2009) Comparative studies on aluminum tolerance screening techniques for sorghum, soybean and maize in simple solution culture. Am J Plant Physiol 4:1–8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atemkeng MF, Muki TJ, Jong-Won P, Jifon J (2011) Integrating molecular tools with conventional breeding strategies for improving phosphorus acquisition by legume crops in acid soils of Sub-Saharan Africa. Biotechnol Mol Biol Rev 6:142–154

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Awasthi JP, Saha B, Regon P, Sahoo S, Chowra U, Pradhan A, Roy A, Panda SK (2017) Morpho-physiological analysis of tolerance to aluminum toxicity in rice varieties of North East India. PLoS ONE 12:e0176357. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bari A, Street K, Mackay M, Endresen DTF, De Pauw E, Amri A (2012) Focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS) detects wheat stem rust resistance linked to environmental variables. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:1465–1481

    Google Scholar 

  • Belachew KY, Stoddard FL (2017) Screening of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) accessions to acidity and aluminium stresses. PeerJ 5:e2963

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Blarney F, Nishizawa NK, Yoshimura E (2004) Timing, magnitude, and location of initial soluble aluminum injuries to mungbean roots. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 50:67–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Bojórquez-Quintal E, Escalante-Magaña C, Echevarría-Machado I, Martínez-Estévez M (2017) Aluminum, a friend or foe of higher plants in acid soils. Front Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01767

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bouhssini ME, Street K, Joubi A, Ibrahim Z, Rihawi F (2009) Sources of wheat resistance to Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, in Syria. Genet Resour Crop Evol 56:1065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-009-9427-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown TT, Koenig RT, Huggins DR, Harsh JB, Rossi RE (2008) Lime effects on soil acidity, crop yield, and aluminum chemistry in direct-seeded cropping systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 72:634–640

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bushamuka VN, Zobel RW (1998) Maize and soybean tap, basal, and lateral root responses to a stratified acid, aluminum-toxic soil. Crop Sci 38:416–421

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cakmak I, Horst WJ (1991) Effect of aluminium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean (Glycine max). Physiol Plant 83:463–468

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camargo CdO (1981) Wheat improvement. I. The heritability of tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Bragantia 40:33–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Cançado G, Loguercio L, Martins P, Parentoni S, Paiva E, Borém A, Lopes M (1999) Hematoxylin staining as a phenotypic index for aluminum tolerance selection in tropical maize (Zea mays L.). Theor Appl Genet 99:747–754

    Google Scholar 

  • Castilhos G, Farias JG, de Bernardi SA, De Oliveira PH, Nicoloso FT, Schetinger MRC, Delatorre CA (2011) Aluminum-stress response in oat genotypes with monogenic tolerance. Environ Exp Bot 74:114–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai S-F, Yan Z-H, Liu D-C, Zhang L-Q, Wei Y-M, Zheng Y-L (2009) Evaluation on chinese bread wheat landraces for low pH and aluminum tolerance using hydroponic screening. Agric Sci China 8:285–292

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delhaize E, Ryan PR, Hebb DM, Yamamoto Y, Sasaki T, Matsumoto H (2004) Engineering high-level aluminum tolerance in barley with the ALMT1 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101:15249–15254

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Endresen F, Terje D, Street K, Mackay M, Bari A, De Pauw E (2011) Predictive association between biotic stress traits and eco-geographic data for wheat and barley landraces. Crop Sci 51:2036–2055

    Google Scholar 

  • Famoso AN, Clark RT, Shaff JE, Craft E, McCouch SR, Kochian LV (2010) Development of a novel aluminum tolerance phenotyping platform used for comparisons of cereal aluminum tolerance and investigations into rice aluminum tolerance mechanisms. Plant Physiol 153:1678–1691

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • FAOSTAT (2017) Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.

  • Ferreira JR, Minella E, Delatorre CA, Delhaize E, Ryan PR, Pereira JF (2017) Conventional and transgenic strategies to enhance the acid soil tolerance of barley. Mol Breeding 38:12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-017-0769-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming A, Foy C (1968) Root structure reflects differential aluminum tolerance in wheat varieties 1. Agron J 60:172–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Foy CD (1984) Physiological effects of hydrogen, aluminum, and manganese toxicities in acid soil. In: Adams F (ed) Soil acidity liming, 2nd edn, pp 57–97 (Am. Soc. Agron, Madison)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foy C, Rt C, White M (1978) The physiology of metal toxicity in plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 29:511–566

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanem ME, Guiguitant J, Sinclair TR (2017) Opportunities to improve the seasonal dynamics of water use in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) to enhance yield increase in water-limited environments. Chem Biol Technol Agric 4:22

    Google Scholar 

  • Giannakoula A, Moustakas M, Mylona P, Papadakis I, Yupsanis T (2008) Aluminum tolerance in maize is correlated with increased levels of mineral nutrients, carbohydrates and proline, and decreased levels of lipid peroxidation and Al accumulation. J Plant Physiol 165:385–396

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta N, Gaurav SS, Kumar A (2013) Molecular basis of aluminium toxicity in plants: a review. Am J Plant Sci 4:21

    Google Scholar 

  • Haling RE, Simpson RJ, Delhaize E, Hocking PJ, Richardson AE (2010) Effect of lime on root growth, morphology and the rhizosheath of cereal seedlings growing in an acid soil. Plant Soil 327:199–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heath RL, Packer L (1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125:189–198

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hede A, Skovmand B, Lopez Cesati J (2001) Breeding for Nutritional and Soil Factors-Acid soils and aluminum toxicity. Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding. CIMMYT

  • Hede A, Skovmand B, Ribaut JM, González-de-León D, Stølen O (2002) Evaluation of aluminium tolerance in a spring rye collection by hydroponic screening. Plant Breed 121:241–248

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horst W, Asher C, Cakmak I, Szulkiewicz P, Wissemeier A (1992) Short-term responses of soybean roots to aluminium. J Plant Physiol 140:174–178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IPGRI (2015) Multi-crop Passport Descriptors (MCPD V.2.1). https://www.bioversityinternational.org/e-library/publications/detail/faobioversity-multi-crop-passport-descriptors-v21-mcpd-v21/.

  • Jones D, Blancaflor E, Kochian L, Gilroy S (2006) Spatial coordination of aluminium uptake, production of reactive oxygen species, callose production and wall rigidification in maize roots. Plant Cell Environ 29:1309–1318

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung JKHM, McCouch SRM (2013) Getting to the roots of it: genetic and hormonal control of root architecture. Front Plant Sci 4:186

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur N, Street K, Mackay M, Yahiaoui N, Keller B (2008) Molecular approaches for characterization and use of natural disease resistance in wheat. Eur J Plant Pathol 121:387–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9252-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kharal S, Khanal B, Panday D (2018) Assessment of soil fertility under different land-use systems in Dhading District of Nepal. Soil Systems 2:57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kochian LV (1995) Cellular mechanisms of aluminum toxicity and resistance in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 46:237–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kochian LV, Hoekenga OA, Pineros MA (2004) How do crop plants tolerate acid soils? Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency. Annu Rev Plant Biol 55:459–493

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kochian LV, Pineros MA, Hoekenga OA (2005) The physiology, genetics and molecular biology of plant aluminum resistance and toxicity. Root physiology: from gene to function. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopittke PM, Blamey F, Menzies N (2008) Toxicities of soluble Al, Cu, and La include ruptures to rhizodermal and root cortical cells of cowpea. Plant Soil 303:217–227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonforte A, Sudheesh S, Cogan NO, Salisbury PA, Nicolas ME, Materne M, Forster JW, Kaur S (2013) SNP marker discovery, linkage map construction and identification of QTLs for enhanced salinity tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). BMC Plant Biol 13:161

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liao H, Wan H, Shaff J, Wang X, Yan X, Kochian LV (2006) Phosphorus and aluminum interactions in soybean in relation to aluminum tolerance. exudation of specific organic acids from different regions of the intact root system. Plant Physiol 141:674–684. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.076497

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ma JF, Nagao S, Sato K, Ito H, Furukawa J, Takeda K (2004) Molecular mapping of a gene responsible for Al-activated secretion of citrate in barley. J Exp Bot 55:1335–1341

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mackay M, Street K, Mitrofanova O, Zuev E, Strelchenko P, Pertziger F (2004) Focused identification of germplasm strategy–FIGS. In: Proceedings 11th wheat breeding assembly, pp 20–24.

  • Matsumoto H, Sivaguru M (2008) Advances in the aluminum toxicity and tolerance of plants for increased productivity in acid soils. Soil contamination: new research. Nova Science, New York, pp 1–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Miftahudin M, Nurlaela N, Juliarni J (2007) Uptake and distribution of aluminum in root apices of two rice varieties under aluminum stress. HAYATI J Biosci 14:110

    Google Scholar 

  • Moroni J, Sato K, Scott B, Conyers M, Read B, Fisher R, Poile G (2010) Novel barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germplasm resistant to acidic soil. Crop Pasture Sci 61:540–553

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosissa F (2018) Progress of soil acidity management research in Ethiopia. Adv Crop Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Motoda H, Kano Y, Hiragami F, Kawamura K, Matsumoto H (2010) Morphological changes in the apex of pea roots during and after recovery from aluminium treatment. Plant Soil 333(1–2):49–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0318-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Motoda H, Kano Y, Hiragami F, Kawamura K, Matsumoto H (2011) Changes in rupture formation and zonary region stained with Evans blue during the recovery process from aluminum toxicity in the pea root apex. Plant Signal Behav 6:98–100

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Narasimhamoorthy B, Blancaflor E, Bouton J, Payton M, Sledge M (2007) A comparison of hydroponics, soil, and root staining methods for evaluation of aluminum tolerance in (Barrel Medic) germplasm. Crop Sci 47:321–328

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen V, Nguyen B, Sarkarung S, Martinez C, Paterson A, Nguyen H (2002) Mapping of genes controlling aluminum tolerance in rice: comparison of different genetic backgrounds. Mol Genet Genomics 267:772–780

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NLWRA (2001) Soil: Salinity and acidification. https://soe.environment.gov.au/theme/land/topic/2016/soil-salinity-and-acidification. National Land and Water Resources Audit, Canberra (Program: Australia) and Australia state of Environmenr 2016.

  • Panda SK, Baluška F, Matsumoto H (2009) Aluminum stress signaling in plants. Plant Signal Behav 4:592–597

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pineros MA, Shaff JE, Manslank HS, Alves VMC, Kochian LV (2005) Aluminum resistance in maize cannot be solely explained by root organic acid exudation. A Compar Physiol Study Plant Physiol 137:231–241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polle E, Konzak C, Kattrick J (1978) Visual detection of aluminum tolerance levels in wheat by hematoxylin staining of seedling roots. Crop Sci 18:823–827

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PulseAustralia (2015) Best management guide—Lentil production: Sothern region.

  • Rengel Z, Jurkic V (1992) Genotypic differences in wheat Al tolerance. Euphytica 62:111–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00037936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro C, Cambraia J, Peixoto PHP, Fonseca Júnior ÉMd (2012) Antioxidant system response induced by aluminum in two rice cultivars. Braz J Plant Physiol 24:107–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossello FJ (2011) Production and Characterization of Transgenic White Clover for Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Resistance and Aluminium Tolerance. Department of Botany. La Trobe University

  • Ruiz-Torres NA, Carver BF (1992) Genetic expression of aluminum tolerance in hard red winter wheat. Cereal Research Communications, Budapest, pp 233–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan PR (2018) Assessing the role of genetics for improving the yield of Australia’s major grain crops on acid soils. Crop Pasture Sci 69:242–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan P, Delhaize E, Jones D (2001) Function and mechanism of organic anion exudation from plant roots. Annu Rev Plant Biol 52:527–560

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt M, Watanabe T, Jansen S (2016) The effects of aluminium on plant growth in a temperate and deciduous aluminium accumulating species. AoB PLANTS 8:plw065. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw065

  • Shaff JE, Schultz BA, Craft EJ, Clark RT, Kochian LV (2009) GEOCHEM-EZ: a chemical speciation program with greater power and flexibility. Plant Soil 330:207–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0193-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Trofimova M, Sharma V, Tripathi B (2015) Genotypic variation to aluminium sensitivity in chickpea depends on its ability to efficiently accumulate nitrate. Adv Agron Plant Sci 1:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Sharma V, Tripathi BN (2016) Rapid activation of catalase followed by citrate efflux effectively improves aluminum tolerance in the roots of chick pea (Cicer arietinum). Protoplasma 253:709–718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0913-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silva S, Santos C, Matos M, Pinto-Carnide O (2012) Al toxicity mechanism in tolerant and sensitive rye genotypes. Environ Exp Bot 75:89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.08.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh D, Dikshit H, Singh R (2012) Variation of aluminium tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Plant Breeding 131:751–761

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh D, Pal M, Singh CK, Taunk J, Jain P, Chaturvedi AK, Maurya S, Karwa S, Singh R, Tomar RSS, Nongthombam R, Chongtham N, Singh MP (2016) Molecular scanning and morpho-physiological dissection of component mechanism in Lens species in response to aluminium stress. PLoS ONE 11:e0160073. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160073

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sledge MK, Pechter P, Payton ME (2005) Aluminum tolerance in Medicago truncatula Germplasm. Crop Sci 45:2001–2004. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.0673

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spehar CR, Copati Souza LA (2006) Selection for aluminum tolerance in tropical soybeans. Pesquisa Agropecuária Trop 36:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Street K, Bari A, Mackay M, Amri A (2016) How the focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS) is used to mine plant genetic resources collections for adaptive traits. Enhancing crop genepool use: capturing wild relative and landrace diversity for crop improvement

  • Sun QB, Shen RF, Zhao XQ, Chen RF, Dong XY (2008) Phosphorus enhances Al resistance in Al-resistant Lespedeza bicolor but not in Al-sensitive L. cuneata under relatively high Al stress. Ann Bot 102:795–804

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Upjohn B, Fenton G, Conyers M (2005) Soil acidity and liming. Agfact AC19 -Third edition NSW Department of Primary Industries.

  • Voss M, de Sousa CNA, Baier AC, Nascimento Júnior A, Boff T (2006) Método de avaliação de tolerância à toxidez de alumínio em trigo, em condições de hidroponia, na Embrapa Trigo. Embrapa Trigo-Documentos (INFOTECA-E).

  • Wang L, Fan X-W, Pan J-L, Huang Z-B, Li Y-Z (2015) Physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth. Planta 242:1391–1403

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Ren X, Huang B, Wang G, Zhou P, An Y (2016) Aluminium-induced reduction of plant growth in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is mediated by interrupting auxin transport and accumulation in roots. Sci Rep 6:30079. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30079

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wu D, Shen H, Yokawa K, Baluška F (2014) Alleviation of aluminium-induced cell rigidity by overexpression of OsPIN2 in rice roots. J Exp Bot 65:5305–5315. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xu L, WuLiu BC, Wang N, Ding J, Liu C, Gao S, Zhang S (2017) Aluminum tolerance assessment of 141 maize germplasms in solution cultures. Univers J Agric Res 5:1–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto Y, Kobayashi Y, Matsumoto H (2001) Lipid peroxidation is an early symptom triggered by aluminum, but not the primary cause of elongation inhibition in pea roots. Plant Physiol 125:199–208. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.125.1.199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang JL, Li YY, Zhang YJ, Zhang SS, Wu YR, Wu P, Zheng SJ (2008) Cell wall polysaccharides are specifically involved in the exclusion of aluminum from the rice root apex. Plant Physiol 146:602–611

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ye Y, Qiaolan W, Mingjian G, Zaihua G, Zhuqing Z (2011) Al-induced root cell wall chemical components differences of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in Al tolerance. Afr J Biotech 10:6762–6772

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin L, Ji M, Wang S, Tsuji W, Tanaka K (2010) The involvement of lipid peroxide-derived aldehydes in aluminum toxicity of tobacco roots. Plant Physiol 152:1406–1417

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng SJ (2010) Crop production on acidic soils: overcoming aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency. Ann Bot 106:183–184

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank, Australian Grains Genebank Project DAV1707 – 001BLX and La Trobe University for funding this work, Professor John Forster for conceptualizing the work, Dr. Roger Armstrong and Professor Caixian Tang for discussion during soil experiment, Debra Partington and Sameer Joshi for experimental design and statistical analysis, Katherine Whitehouse and Giao Nguyen for the helpful comments on the manuscript, Rusty Ryan and Zali Dickinson for technical support during soil experiment.

Funding

This work was funded by Australian Grains Genebank Project DAV1707 – 001BLX and La Trobe University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Grains Genebank, Agriculture Victoria, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC, 3400, Australia

    Vani Kulkarni & Sally L. Norton

  2. School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia

    Vani Kulkarni, Tim Sawbridge & Matthew Hayden

  3. AgriBio, Agriculture Victoria, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia

    Tim Sawbridge, Sukhjiwan Kaur, Matthew Hayden & Anthony T. Slater

Authors
  1. Vani Kulkarni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tim Sawbridge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sukhjiwan Kaur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Matthew Hayden
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Anthony T. Slater
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sally L. Norton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All the authors of this manuscript contributed to the study concept and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Vani Kulkarni. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Vani Kulkarni and all the co-authors, Tim Sawbridge, Sukhjiwan Kaur, Matthew Hayden, Anthony T. Slater and Sally Norton provided their comments on the previous versions of this manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sally L. Norton.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Availability of data and material

Data provided in the supplementary material.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the supplementary information.

Supplementary material 1

Supplementary material 1

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kulkarni, V., Sawbridge, T., Kaur, S. et al. New sources of lentil germplasm for aluminium toxicity tolerance identified by high throughput hydroponic screening. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 27, 563–576 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-00954-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-00954-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation