Abstract
A total of 40 endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from banana tree roots were characterized for their biotechnological potential for promoting banana tree growth. All isolates had at least one positive feature. Twenty isolates were likely diazotrophs and formed pellicles in nitrogen-free culture medium, and 67% of these isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus sp. The isolates EB-04, EB-169, EB-64, and EB-144 had N fixation abilities as measured by the Kjeldahl method and by an acetylene reduction activity assay. Among the 40 isolates, 37.5% were capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphate and the isolates EB-47 and EB-64 showed the highest solubilization capacity. The isolate EB-53 (Lysinibacillus sp.) had a high solubilization index, whereas 73% of the isolates had low solubilization indices. The synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the presence of L-tryptophan was detected in 40% of the isolates. The isolate EB-40 (Bacillus sp.) produced the highest amount of IAA (47.88 μg/ml) in medium supplemented with L-tryptophan and was able to synthesize IAA in the absence of L-tryptophan. The isolates EB-126 (Bacillus subtilis) and EB-47 (Bacillus sp.) were able to simultaneously fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and produce IAA in vitro. The results of this study demonstrated that the isolates analyzed here had diverse abilities and all have the potential to be used as growth-promoting microbial inoculants for banana trees.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Araujo, F.F., Guaberto, L.M., and Silva, I.F. 2012. Bioprospection of plant growth promoter rhizobacteria in Brachiaria brizantha. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 41, 521–527.
Araújo, J.M., Silva, A.C., and Azevedo, J.L. 2000. Isolation of endophytic actinomycetes from roots and leaves of maize (Zea mays L.). Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 43, 447–451.
Baldani, J.I. and Baldani, V.L.D. 2005. History on the biological nitrogen fixation research in graminaceous plants: special emphasis on the Brazilian experience. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 77, 549–579.
Baldotto, L.E.B. 2010. Selection of growth-promoting bacteria for pineapple ‘Vitória’ during acclimatization. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 34, 349–360.
Baig, K.S., Arshad, M., Shaharoona, B., Khalid, A., and Ahmed, I. 2011. Comparative effectiveness of Bacillus spp. possessing either dual or single growth-promoting traits for improving phosphorus uptake, growth yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Arch. Microbiol. 191, 415–424.
Barea, J.M., Pozo, R.A., and Aguilar, C.A. 2005. Microbial cooperation in the rhizosphere. J. Exp. Bot. 56, 1761–1778.
Barroso, C.B. and Oliveira, L.A. 2001. Calcium-phosphate solubilizing bacteria occurrence on the roots of Brazilian amazonia plants. Rev. Bras. de Cienc. Solo 25, 575–581.
Berraqueiro, F.R., Baya, A.M., and Cormenzana, A.R. 1976. Establecimiento de índices para el estudio de la solubilizacion de fosfatos por bacterias del suelo. ARS Pharm. 17, 399–406.
Braga, J.M. and Defelipo, B.V. 1974. Determina..o espectrofotométrica de fósforo em extratos de solos e plantas. Rev. Ceres. 21, 73–85.
Bremner, J.M. 1965. Total nitrogen: macro-Kjeldahl method to include nitrate. p. 1164. In Black, C.A. (ed). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Agron. Monogr., 9. ASA, Madison, USA.
Cassán, F., Perrig, D., Sgroy, V., Masciarelli, O., Penna, C., and Luna, V. 2009. Azospirillum brasilense Az39 and Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109, inoculated singly or in combination, promote seed germination and early seedling growth in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.). Eur. J. Soil Biol. 45, 28–35.
Cavalcante, V.A. and Döbereiner, J.A. 1988. New acid-tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with sugarcane. Plant Soil 108, 23–31.
Cavalcante, J.J.V., Vargas, C., Nogueira, E.M., Vinagre, F., Schwarcz, K., Baldani, J.I., and Hemerly, A.S. 2007. Members of th ethylene signalling pathway are regulated in sugarcane during the association with nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria. J. Exp. Bot. 58, 673–686.
Cerigioli, M.M. 2005. D. Sc. Thesis. Universidade Federal de S.o Carlos, S.o Carlos, S.o Paulo, Brazil.
Chagas Junior, A.F., Oliveira, L.A., Oliveira, A.N., and Willerding, A.L. 2010. Phosphate solubilizing ability and symbiotic efficiency of isolated rhizobia from Amazonian soils. Acta Sci. 32, 359–366.
Cruz, L.M., Souza, E.M., Weber, O.B., Baldani, J.I., Döbereiner, J., and Pedrosa, F.O. 2001. 16S ribosomal DNA characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from banana (Musa spp.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 2375–2379.
Cunningham, J.E. and Kuiack, C. 1992. Production of citric and oxalic acids and solubilization of calcium phosphates by Penicillium bilaii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 1451–1458.
Dobbelaere, S., Vandeleyden, J., and Okon, Y. 2003. Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 22, 107–149.
Döbereiner, J., Baldani, V.L.D., and Baldani, J.I. 1995. Como isolar e identificar bactérias diazotróficas de plantas n.o-leguminosas. Embrapa/CNPAB, Itaguaí, S.o Paulo, BRA.
Ferreira, D.F. 2008. SISVAR: um programa para análises e ensino de estatística. Rev. Symp. 6, 36–41.
Fiovaranço, J.C. 2003. The Banana World Market: production, trade and Brazilian participation. Inf. Econ. 33, 15–27.
Gyaneshwar, P., Kumar, G.N., Parekh, L.J., and Poole, P.S. 2002. Role of soil microorganisms in improving P nutrition of plants. Plant Soil 245, 83–93.
Ikeda, A.C. 2010. M. Sc. Dissertation. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Inui, R.N. 2009. M. Sc. Dissertation. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, S.o Paulo, Brazil.
Katznelson, H. and Bose, B. 1959. Metabolism activity and phos phate-dissolving capability of bacterial isolates from wheat roots, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soil. Can. J. Microbiol. 5, 79–85.
Kucey, R.M.N. 1988. Effects of Penicillium bilagi on the solubility and uptake of P and micronutrients from soil by wheat. Can. J. Soil Sci. 68, 261–270.
Kuss, A.V., Kuss, V.V., Lovato, T., and Flôres, M.L. 2007. Nitrogen fixation and in vitro production of indolacetic acid by endophytic diazotrophic bacteria. Pesqui. Agrop. Bras. 42, 1459–1465.
Lee, S., Flores-Encarnación, M., Contreras-Zentella, M., Garcia-Flores, L., Escamilla, J.E., and Kennedy, C. 2004. Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis is deficient in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strains with mutations in cytochrome C biogenesis genes. J. Bacteriol. 186, 5384–5391.
Lodewyckx, C., Vangronsveld, J., Porteus, F., Moore, E.R.B., Taghavi, S., Mezgeazy, M., and Van der Lelie, D. 2002. Endophytic bacteria and their potential applications. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 21, 583–606.
Luo, S., Xu, T., Chen, L., Chen, J., Rao, C., Xiao, X., Wan, Y., Zeng, G., Long, F., Liu, C., and Liu, Y. 2012. Endophyte-assisted promotion of biomass production and metal-uptake of energy crop sweet sorghum by plant-growth-promotion endophyte Bacillus sp. SLS18. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 93, 1745–1753.
Martinez, L., Caballero-Mellado, J., Orozco, J., and Martínez-Romero, E. 2003. Diazotrophic bacteria associated with banana (Musa spp.). Plant Soil 257, 35–47.
Mia, M.A.B., Shamsuddin, W., Zakaria, W., and Marziah, M. 2007. Associative nitrogen fixation by Azospirillum and Bacillus spp. in bananas. Infomusa 16, 11–15.
Mota, F.F., Gomes, E.A., and Seldin, L. 2008. Auxin production and detection of the gene coding for the auxin efflux carrier (AEC) protein in Paenibacillus polimyxa. J. Microbiol. 46, 257–264.
Nautiyal, C.S. 1999. An effect microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 170, 265–270.
Perin, L., Silva, M.F., Ferreira, J.S., Canuto, E.L., Medeiros, A.F.A., Olivares, F.L., and Reis, V.M. 2003. Evaluation of the endophytic establishment capacity of strain of Azospirillum and Herbaspirillum bacteria in corn and rice. Agronomia 37, 47–53.
Phetcharat, P. and Duangpaeng, A. 2012. Screening of endophytic bacteria from organic rice tissue for indole acetic acid production. Procedia Eng. 32, 177–183.
Price, N.S. 1995. Banana morphology — Part I: Roots and rizhomes, pp. 179–189. In Gowen, S. (ed.). Bananas and plantains — 1995. Chapman & Hall, London, UK.
Ribeiro, C.M. and Cardoso, E.J.B.N. 2012. Isolation, selection and characterization of root-associated growth promoting bacteria in Brazil pine (Araucaria angustifolia). Microbiol. Res. 167, 69–78.
Rodriguez, H. and Fraga, R. 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnol. Adv. 17, 319–339.
Rosado, A.S.A., Duarte, G.F., and Mendonça-Hagler, L.C. 1999. Moderna microbiologia do solo: Aplica..o de técnicas de biologia molecular. pp. 429–448. In Siqueira, J.O., Moreira, F.M.S., Lopes, A.S., Guilherme L.R.G., Faquin, V., Frutini Neto, A.E., and Carvalho, J.G. (eds.). Inter-rela..o fertilidade, biologia do solo e nutri..o de plantas — 1999. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Santos, I.B., Lima, D.R.M., Barbosa, J.G., Oliveira, J.T.C., Freire, F.J., and Kuklinsky-Sobral, J. 2012. Diazotrophic bacteria associated to roots of sugarcane: inorganic phosphate solubilization and the salinity tolerance. Biosci. J. 28, 142–149.
Saravanan, V.S., Madhaiyan, M., and Thagaraju, M. 2007. Solubilization of zinc compouds by the diazotrophic, plant growth promoting bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Chemosphere 66, 1794–1798.
Sarwar, M. and Kremer, R.J. 1995. Determination of bacterially derived auxins using a microplate method. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 20, 282–285.
Silva Filho, G.N. and Vidor, C. 2000. Phosphate solubilization by microorganisms in the presence of diffrent carbone source. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo. 24, 311–319.
Silva, A.C.S., Chagas Junior, A.F., Oliveira, L.A., and Chagas, L.F.B. 2011. Ocorrência de bactérias solubilizadoras de fosfato nas raízes de importancia econ.mica em Manaus e Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas. J. Biotechnol. Biodivers. 2, 37–42. (in Brazilian).
Sobral, J.K., Araujo, W.L., Mendes, R., Geraldi, I.O., Pizzirani-Kleiner, A.A., and Azevedo, J.L. 2004. Isolation and characterization of soybean-associated bacteria and their potential for plant growth promotion. Environ. Microbiol. 6, 1244–1251.
Souza, S.A., Xavier, A.A., Costa, M.R., Cardoso, A.M.S., Pereira, M.C.T., and Nietsche, S. 2013. Endophytic bacterial diversity in banana ‘Prata An./rs (Musa spp.) roots. Genet. Mol. Res. 36, 252–264.
Stover, R.H. and Simmonds, N.W. 1987. Bananas. 3 ed. Longman, Essex, UK.
Taurian, T., Anzuay, M.S., Angelini, J.G., Tonelli, M.L., Ludueña, L. Pena, D., Ibañez, F., and Fabra, A. 2010. Phosphate-solubilizing peanut associated bacteria: screening for plant growth-promoting activities. Plant Soil 329, 421–431.
Teixeira, K.R.S. 1997. Bases moleculares e genética da fixa..o de nitrogênio. Embrapa-CNPAB, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Teixeira, M.A., Melo, I.S., Vieira, R.F., Costa, F.E.C., and Harakava, R. 2007. Cassava endophytic microorganisms of commercial plantings and ethnovarieties in three Brazilian states. Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. 42, 43–49.
Tsavkelova, E.A., Klimova, S.Y., Cherdyntseva, T.A., and Netrusov, A.I. 2006. Microbial producers of plat growth stimulators and their practical use: a Review. Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 42, 117–126.
Weber, O.B., Baldani, V.L.D., Teixeira, K.R.S., Kirchhof, G., Baldani, J.I., and Döbereiner, J. 1999. Isolation and characterization of diazotrophic bacteria from banana and pineapple plants. Plant Soil 210, 103–113.
Whitelaw, M.A. 2000. Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate solubilizing fungi. Adv. Agron. 69, 99–151.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andrade, L.F., de Souza, G.L.O.D., Nietsche, S. et al. Analysis of the abilities of endophytic bacteria associated with banana tree roots to promote plant growth. J Microbiol. 52, 27–34 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3019-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3019-2