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Development of a Greenhouse Assay to Evaluate Potato Germplasm for Susceptibility to Powdery Scab

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Abstract

Potato resistance to powdery scab, caused by the protist Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea, has become extremely important in recent years due to the increased damage caused by this disease. Since field conditions cannot be controlled, they are sometimes sub-optimal for scab susceptibility detection. Thus, a greenhouse assay has been developed that consistently provides optimal conditions so that the susceptibility potential of a clone in the field can be efficiently evaluated. Four potato cultivars were evaluated which varied in levels of powdery scab susceptibility. Two soil types and three inoculum levels were also evaluated. Other factors, such as soil temperature and moisture, were examined to make certain that a range ideal for powdery scab development as reported in current literature was obtained. These greenhouse results were compared with three years of field data collected from trials conducted in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, USA. Each of the cultivars was evaluated for root galling, tuber lesion incidence, and severity. Greenhouse results most consistently matched field results when potatoes were planted in a soil with 50% sand, an inoculum level of one sporeball per gram, and high irrigation coupled with appropriate soil temperatures (ranging from 10–18°C) during the tuber initiation to bulking phase. This soil mix was utilized to test 14 cultivars in the greenhouse with varying levels of resistance to powdery scab. When greenhouse results were correlated with field results a pattern emerged which demonstrated that the cultivars were accurately ranked based on susceptibility to scab (e.g., cultivars with the most resistance to scab in the field also showed the most resistance in the greenhouse). A conversion table using the greenhouse score was developed to estimate the potential susceptibility of a clone under optimum field conditions. Results demonstrate that a greenhouse assay can be successfully used for evaluating advanced potato germplasm for resistance to powdery scab.

Resumen

La Resistencia de la papa a la roña polvorienta, causada por la protista Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea, se ha vuelto extremadamente importante en los años recientes debido al daño en aumento causado por esta enfermedad. Considerando que las condiciones de campo no pueden ser controladas, a veces son sub-óptimas para la detección de la susceptibilidad a la roña. Por lo anterior, se ha desarrollado un ensayo de invernadero que proporciona condiciones óptimas consistentemente, de manera que puede ser evaluada eficientemente la susceptibilidad potencial de un clon en el campo. Se evaluaron cuatro cultivares de papa que variaron en sus niveles de susceptibilidad. También se evaluaron dos tipos de suelo y tres niveles de inoculo. Se examinaron otros factores, tales como temperatura y humedad del suelo, para asegurar que se obtuviera una amplitud ideal de desarrollo de la roña polvorienta como se ha reportado en la literatura actual. Se compararon estos resultados de invernadero con datos de tres años colectados de ensayos desarrollados en el valle de San Luis, Colorado, E.U.A. Cada cultivar se evaluó para agallas de la raíz, incidencia de lesión de tubérculo y severidad. Los resultados de invernadero coincidieron consistentemente en la mayoría de las veces con los de campo cuando las papas se plantaron en un suelo con 50% de arena, y un nivel de inoculo de una bola de esporas por gramo, y riego pesado, acompañado con temperaturas apropiadas del suelo (variando de 10–18°C) durante la fase de iniciación a llenado de tubérculo. Esta mezcla de suelo se utilizó para probar 14 cultivares en el invernadero con variación en los niveles de resistencia a la roña polvorienta. Cuando se correlacionaron los resultados del invernadero con los de campo surgió un patrón que demostró que los cultivares fueron clasificados con precisión en su susceptibilidad a la roña (p.e. los cultivares con la mayor resistencia a la roña en el campo también la mostraron en el invernadero). Se desarrolló una tabla de conversión utilizando las calificaciones del invernadero para estimar la susceptibilidad potencial de un clon bajo condiciones óptimas en el campo. Los resultados demuestran que un ensayo de invernadero puede usarse con éxito para la evaluación de germoplasma de papa avanzado para la resistencia a la roña polvorienta.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Fahrettin Goktepe, Jim Zumbrunnen, and Dr. Phil Chapman for help with the statistical analysis. Locations for conducting field trials were provided by Worley seed, Lynn McCullough and Mike Mitchell and also the SLV Research Center provided the potato seed for this project. Funding for this project was primarily provided by the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (CPAC).

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Correspondence to Andrew J. Houser.

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Houser, A.J., Davidson, R.D. Development of a Greenhouse Assay to Evaluate Potato Germplasm for Susceptibility to Powdery Scab. Am. J. Pot Res 87, 285–298 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-010-9136-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-010-9136-5

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