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Molecular Markers and Conservation of Plant Species in the Latin-America: The Case of Phaedranassa viridiflora (Amaryllidaceae)

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Abstract

Phaedranassa viridiflora (Amaryllidaceae) is an endemic and endangered plant restricted to the Northern Andes in Ecuador. It is known in three locations where it is sympatric with other Phaedranassa species. Phaedranassa viridiflora is the only species of the genus with yellow flowers. We analyzed 13 microsatellite loci to elucidate the genetic structure of the populations of P. viridiflora. Our results provided the first evidence of natural hybridization in the genus (between P. viridiflora and P. dubia in the Pululahua crater of northern Ecuador). The central and southern populations did not show hybridization. Genetic diversity was the highest in the Pululahua population. Central and southern populations have a higher proportion of clones than Pululahua. Bayesian and cluster analysis suggest that the yellow flower type evolved at least three times along the Ecuadorean Andes. In contrast to other Phaedranassa species, Phaedranassa viridiflora shows lower genetic diversity, which is likely related to a vegetative reproductive strategy.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the USDA-ARS Plant Science lab technicians, the Herbarium QCA and its director Dr. Hugo Navarrete, and the Ministerio del Medio Ambiente of Ecuador for collecting and export permits. We also thank Lou Jost, Marcelo Ayabaca, Tania Sanchez and Cristian Melo for their help during fieldwork. N.O. thanks Dr. Robert Colwell for helpful discussion about Phaedranassa. N.O. also thanks Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, the Graduate Student Funding Committee, the College of Art & Sciences and the Department of Biological Sciences of FIU, for supporting her participation at the 10th Latin American Botanical Congress. We also thank to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This study was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF Grant DEB 0129179 to AWM. This is contribution number 223 from the Tropical Biology Program of Florida International University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA

    Nora H. Oleas & Javier Francisco-Ortega

  2. Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Center for Tropical Plant Conservation, 11935 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, Miami, FL, 33156, USA

    Nora H. Oleas & Javier Francisco-Ortega

  3. USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL, 33158, USA

    Alan W. Meerow

  4. Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador

    Nora H. Oleas

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  1. Nora H. Oleas
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Correspondence to Alan W. Meerow.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 4 Loci with null alleles and Fixation index (F) calculated with all loci(1) and with loci with less null alleles(2)
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Oleas, N.H., Meerow, A.W. & Francisco-Ortega, J. Molecular Markers and Conservation of Plant Species in the Latin-America: The Case of Phaedranassa viridiflora (Amaryllidaceae). Bot. Rev. 79, 507–527 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-013-9125-8

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