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Phylogeny and biogeography of the lamioid genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae)

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Summary

The genus Phlomis is one of the largest genera of subfamily Lamioideae (Lamiaceae) with more than 100 recognised species distributed in Asia, southern Europe and northern Africa. Morphological studies have suggested that the species can be split into two morphologically distinct groups that have previously been recognised as either sections or separate genera. The current study represents the first molecular phylogenetic study of the genus in which taxa representative of the entire genus are included. In contrast to considerable morphological and ecological variation among taxa, sequence variation in the trnL intron, the trnL – F intergenic spacer, and the rps16 intron was low, resulting in sparse phylogenetic resolution, particularly among the South West Asian and Mediterranean taxa. However, the results support a split of the genus into two separate groups that are recognised here as the genera Phlomoides and Phlomis in order to decrease taxonomic complexity. The close relationship between Phlomis s.l. and Eremostachys, pointed out by several authors, is confirmed, and in a noteworthy new finding, the small Asian genus Notochaete, is more closely related to the Phlomis s.l. lineage than previously assumed. The two monotypic genera Pseuderemostachys and Lamiophlomis as well as Notochaete hamosa are transferred to Phlomoides and three new combinations are made. Character optimisation analyses based on geographic distributions of all taxa show that the groups obtained by molecular phylogenetic analysis correlate well with biogeography. The results suggest that the Phlomis s.l. lineage has a Central Asian origin in an area around Western China.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the A, O, S, UPS, and US herbaria and Jim Mann Taylor (NCCPG National Collection of Phlomis) for providing plant material, and Jan Wesenberg for translation of Russian literature. This research was supported by the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 154145), the University of Oslo (Norway) and University at Buffalo (SUNY, USA).

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  1. C. Mathiesen

    Present address: Department of Biology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway

    C. Mathiesen

  2. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden

    A.-C. Scheen

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA

    C. Lindqvist

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Mathiesen, C., Scheen, AC. & Lindqvist, C. Phylogeny and biogeography of the lamioid genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae). Kew Bull 66, 83–99 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9257-0

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