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Optimizing the photocatalytic process of removing diazinon pesticide from aqueous solutions and effluent toxicity assessment via a response surface methodology approach

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Abstract

Diazinon is one of the most dangerous environment pollutants. In this study, the optimization of removing diazinon from contaminated aqueous solutions was evaluated by advanced oxidation process along with the evaluation of effluent toxicity by Escherichia coli bacteria. The design of the experiments was based on the response surface methodology. Iron oxide nanoparticles and iron oxide/titanium oxide were produced by co-precipitation and col–gel, respectively. The features of produced nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. In this study, the toxicity tests of effluent were performed by the activity of dehydrogenase enzyme reducing Alamar Blue method. Based on statistical analyzes (R2 = 0.996), the values of optimal pH, contact time, and nanoparticle concentration were obtained at 6.75, 65 min, and 550 mg/L in the removal of diazinon, respectively. In this case, the efficiency of removing diazinon was 94.15%. By analyzing the effluent, eight by-products due to the degradation of diazinon were determined with the probability of correct detection above 50%. Based on the Alamar Blue reduction test (ABR), the effective concentrations of 50% (EC50) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) for E. coli were obtained 2340 and 18 mg/L, respectively. Based on the results, it was found that the photochemical process TiO2/Fe3O4 has high efficiency on the removal of diazinon and there is a significant relation (p value < 0.05) between dehydrogenase activity of E. coli bacteria and reduction of Alamar Blue.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Vice research and technology of Bam University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran

    Ali Toolabi

  2. Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Mohammad Malakootian

  3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Mohammad Malakootian

  4. Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian & Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush

  5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Esrafili

  6. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran

    Mohsen AskarShahi

  7. Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

    Maesome Tabatabaei

  8. Nanobioelectrochemistry Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran

    Mehrdad Khatami

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  1. Ali Toolabi
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  2. Mohammad Malakootian
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  3. Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian
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  4. Ali Esrafili
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  5. Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
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Correspondence to Mehrdad Khatami.

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Toolabi, A., Malakootian, M., Ghaneian, M.T. et al. Optimizing the photocatalytic process of removing diazinon pesticide from aqueous solutions and effluent toxicity assessment via a response surface methodology approach. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 30, 155–165 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-018-0751-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-018-0751-2

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