Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fabrication and mechanical properties of PLLA and CPC composite scaffolds

  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The brittleness and insufficient strength of biomaterials such as calcium phosphate cement (CPC) limit their applications in physiologically non-load-bearing bone lesions. These limitations stimulated the research for developing degradable polymer-ceramic composite materials that can closely match the modulus of bones. In this study, poly (L-lactic acid)/calcium phosphate cement (PLLA/CPC) composite scaffolds were fabricated via a four-step process, namely, measurement, prototyping, compounding, and dissolving. The design and mechanical properties of the PLLA/CPC composite structures were theoretically and experimentally studied. The PLLA/CPC scaffold improved the mechanical properties of the CPC. The CPC’s compressive strength and strengthening percentage increase with higher PLLA volume. Such composites may have a clinical use for load-bearing bone fixation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. B. Park and J. D. Bronzino, Biomaterials: principles and applications. Florida: CRC Press, (2000) 5.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Z. F. Zhang, Complexity of cellular manufacturing systems based on entropy models, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 24 (2010) 2275–2280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. H. Hockin, K. Xu and G. J. Carl, Self-hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 22 (2004) 535–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. L. F. Charles, M. T. Shaw, J. R. Olson and M. Wei, Fabrication and mechanical properties of PLLA/PCL/HA composites via a biomimetic, dip coating, and hot compression procedure, Journal Material Science: Mater. Med., 24 (2010) 1845–1854.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. F. W. Cordewener and J. P. Schmitz, The future of biodegradable osteosyntheses, Tissue Engineering, 6 (2000) 413–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. P. K. Zysset, X. E. Guo, C. E. Hoffler, KE Moore and SA Goldstein, Elastic modulus and hardness of cortical and trabecular bone lamellae measured by nanoindentation in the human femur, J Biomech, 32 (1999) 177–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. C. J. Lee, J. Y. Kim, S. K. Lee, D. C. Ko and B. M. Kim, Parametric study on mechanical clinching process for joining aluminum alloy and high-strength steel sheets, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 24 (2010) 123–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. E. Mittra and Y. Qin, Material properties of sheep trabecular bone determined by nanomechanical testing, Bioengineering Conference (2003) 229–230.

  9. S. Z. Wang and J. Yang, Fast mechanical properties estimation for finite element model of bone tissue, Computer-Based Medical Systems (2008) 147–149.

  10. S. M. Jorgensen, D. R. Eaker, J. Vercnocke and E. L. Ritman, Reproducibility of global and local reconstruction of three-dimensional micro-computered tomography of iliac crest biopsies, Medical Imaging (2008) 569–575.

  11. J. M. Rodriguez, A. A. Pliego and M. V. Trevio, A qualitative stress analysis of a cross section of the trabecular bone tissue of a distal femur by photoelasticity, Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (2009) 422–425.

  12. S. A. Goldstein, The mechanical properties of trabecular bone: dependence on anatomic location and function, Journal of Biomechanical, 20 (1987) 1055–1061.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. B. M. Kim, C. J. Lee and J. M. Lee, Estimations of work hardening exponents of engineering metals using residual indentation profiles of nano-indentation, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 24 (2010) 73–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. X. F. Xiao, R. F. Liu and Q. Y. Huang, Preparation and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds, Journal Material Science: Mater Med., 19 (2008) 3429–3435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Takeshi and T. Katsuhisa, Mechanical properties and morphological changes of poly (lactic acid)/polycarbonate/poly (butylene adipate-co-tereph -thalate) blend through reactive processing, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 121 (2011) 2908–2918.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. X. Zhuo, N. Y. Yong and R. J. Zhang, Fabrication of porous poly (L-lactic acid) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering via precise extrusion, Scripta Materialia, 45 (2001) 773–779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A. J. McManus, R. H. Doremus, R. W. Siegel and R. Bizios, Evaluation of cytocompatibility and bending modulus of nanoceramic/polymer composites, Journal of Biomedical Material Research, 72A (2005) 98–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. T. Tian, D. Jiang, J. Zhang and Q. Lin, Fabrication of bioactive composite by developing PLLA onto the framework of sintered HA scaffold, Materials Science and Engineering C, 28 (2008) 51–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. G. Yuan, Design principle of armored concrete structure, Shanghai: Tongji University Press (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Z. Z. Chen, D. C. Li and B. H. Lu, Study on the new fabrication method of bioactive bone, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 16 (2003) 145–148.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. S. L. Xu, D. C. Li and B. H. Lu, Fabrication of a calcium phosphate scaffold with a three-dimensional channel network and its application to perfusion culture of stem cells, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 4 (2007) 32–41.

    Google Scholar 

  22. L. F. Charles, M. T. Shaw, J. R. Olson and M. Wei, Fabrication and mechanical properties of PLLA/PCL/HA composites via a biomimetic, dip coating, and hot compression procedure, Journal of Material Science and Medical, 21 (2010) 1845–1854.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A. M. Zihlif, Z. Elimat and G. Ragosta, Thermal and mechanical characterization of polymer composites filled with dispersed zeolite and oil shale, Journal of Composite Materials, 6 (2011) 1209–1216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China

    Shanglong Xu & Wei Guo

  2. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Shanglong Xu, Junjun Lu & Wei Li

Authors
  1. Shanglong Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wei Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Junjun Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wei Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shanglong Xu.

Additional information

Recommended by Associate Editor Heung Soo Kim

Shanglong Xu is an associate professor and PhD supervisor in University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. He received his Ph.D from Xi’an Jiaotong University, China, in 2007. His research interests include advanced fabrication and electronic cooling technology.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Xu, S., Guo, W., Lu, J. et al. Fabrication and mechanical properties of PLLA and CPC composite scaffolds. J Mech Sci Technol 26, 2857–2862 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-0732-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-0732-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation