Abstract
Prior to the huge reclamation work for constructing Kobe Airport, the sea-wall structure resting on a 30m-thick soft Holocene clay layer in the 16m-deep sea was constructed at stages over the period of three years. Regarding the design of short-term stability of the sea-wall structure, the ratio of undrained shear strength of the normally-consolidated seabed clay to in-situ yield stress was estimated to take the value of 0.35 in order to satisfy the factor of safety in excess of 1.3. This design strength in the clay foundation was checked with the unconfined compression strength of the fresh clay samples retrieved from boreholes during the construction. In this paper, the short-term stability of the embankment in this well-documented case history was re-evaluated after-the-event with the results of comprehensive series of constant-volume direct shear box tests in which the effects of strength anisotropy as well as the shearing rate on undrained shear strength were both examined. Discussion is made how to estimate the short-term stability of the embankment by considering the effects of strength anisotropy and shearing speed on undrained shear strength and how it is linked with the current design method in Japan in which a half of the undrained compression from unconfined compression test is employed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bjerrum, L. (1972). “Embankments on soft ground: State of the Art report.” In Proceedings, Specialty Conference on Performance of Earth and Earth-supported Structures, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., ASCE, New York, Vol. 2, pp. 1–54.
Ladd, C.C. and Foott, R. (1974). “New design procedure for stability of soft clays.” Journal of the Geotec-hnical Engineering Div., ASCE, Vol. 100, No. 7, pp. 763–786.
Hanzawa, H. (1979). “Fundrained strength characteristics of an alluvial marine clay in Tokyo Bay.” Soils and Foundations, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 69–84.
Hasegawa, N., Matsui, T., Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, Y., and Nambu, M. (2006). “In-situ consolidation behavior of Pleistocene clay below seabed at Kobe Airport.” Journal of JSCE, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 780–792 (in Japanese).
Hasegawa, N., Matsui, T., Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, Y., and Nambu, M. (2007). “Consolidation property of Holocene layers below seabed at Kobe Airport.” Journal of JSCE, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 923–935 (in Japanese).
Leroueil, S., Kabaaj, M., Tavenas, F., and Bouchard, R. (1985). “Stress-strain-strain rate relation for the compressibility of natural sensitive clays.” Geotechnique, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 159–180.
Shibuya, S., Mitachi, T., and Tamate, S. (1997). “Interpretation of direct shear box testing of sands as quasi-simple shear.” Geotechnique, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 769–790.
Shibuya, S., Mitachi, T., Tanaka, H., Kawaguchi, T., and Lee, I.M. (2001). “Measurement and application of quasi-elastic properties in geotechnical site characterisation.” Theme Lecture, Proc. of 11th Asian Regional Conference on SMGE, Seoul, Balkema, Vol. 2, pp. 639–710.
Šuklie, L. (1969). Frheological, Aspects of Soil Mechanics. Wiley-Interscience.
Tatsuoka, F., Santucci de Magistris, F., Hayano, K., Momoya, Y., and Koseki, J. (1998). “Some new aspects of time effects on the stress-strain behaviour of stiff geomaterials.” Keynote Lecture for 2nd Int. Conf. Hard Soils and Soft Rock Balkema, Rotterdam Vol. 3, pp. 1285–1371.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shibuya, S., Jung, M., Chae, J. et al. Evaluation of short-term stability for sea-wall structure at Kobe Airport. KSCE J Civ Eng 12, 155–163 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-008-0155-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-008-0155-4