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Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activity from Carob Pods

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Abstract

A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure to obtain phenolic compounds from carob bark was optimized by using response surface methodology. A four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design with five central points was used to evaluate the influence of temperature, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and time in carob bark extraction in terms of antioxidant activity (DPPH) and total extraction yield. Optimal extraction conditions were found using 80 °C, 35% (v/v) ethanol, a ratio of 35 mL/g, and 29.5 min. Total phenolics content (TPC), antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS), carbohydrate content, and main polyphenols composition (HPLC) were determined at optimal conditions. An experimental total yield of 66.5% was obtained with a TPC value of 33.6 mg GAE/g DW and polysaccharides content of 345.4 mg glucose/g DW. A high antioxidant activity was also shown by the three methods tested. The results showed the potential of carob pods skin as a natural source of phenolic compounds, in particular gallic acid, and the effectiveness of MAE as extraction technique for the revalorization of this agro-food waste.

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Funding

This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) programs MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R and AGL2015-63855-C2-1-R and by the EU H2020 project YPACK (reference number 773872). Quiles-Carrillo wants to thank GV for his FPI grant (ACIF/2016/182) and MECD for his FPU grant (FPU15/03812). Torres-Giner also thank MINECO for his Juan de la Cierva contract (IJCI-2016-29675).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, Alcoy (Alicante), Spain

    L. Quiles-Carrillo & R. Balart

  2. Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain

    C. Mellinas & M. C. Garrigos

  3. Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain

    S. Torres-Giner

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  1. L. Quiles-Carrillo
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Correspondence to L. Quiles-Carrillo.

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Luis Quiles-Carrillo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Cristina Mellinas declares that she has no conflict of interest. Mari Carmen Garrigos declares that she has no conflict of interest. Rafael Balart declares that he has no conflict of interest. Sergio Torres-Giner declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Quiles-Carrillo, L., Mellinas, C., Garrigos, M.C. et al. Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activity from Carob Pods. Food Anal. Methods 12, 2480–2490 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01596-3

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