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Multivariate Optimization of Method of Slurry Sampling for Determination of Iron and Zinc in Starch Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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Abstract

A slurry sampling procedure has been developed for determination iron and zinc in starch sample by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimization step was performed using univariate methodology for mass of sample and multivariate methodology using Box-Behnken design involving the other variables: type extractor, final concentration of extracting solution, and sonication time. The established conditions were with 100 mg of sample, extracting solution composed of mixture (1:1) HCl:HNO3 at a final concentration of 2.0 mol L−1, sonication time of 17 min, and a slurry volume of 10.0 mL. This procedure allows the determination of iron and zinc with quantification limits of 5.68 and 1.36 mg kg−1, respectively, and a precision expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 6.1 and 4.7 % (both, n = 10) for the concentrations of iron and zinc of 19.5 and 2.9 mg kg−1. The accuracy of the procedure was confirmed by analysis of certified reference material wheat flour NIST 1567a. A statistical evaluation using student t test showed that there is no significant difference between the value obtained with the use of the proposed procedure and the certified value, at 95 % confidence level. The proposed procedure was applied for determination of iron and zinc in samples of corn starch, rice starch, potato starch, cassava starch, and starch mix of rice and corn. The obtained concentrations in samples analyzed varied between 17.2 and 152 mg kg−1 of iron and 1.6 and 23.8 mg kg−1 of zinc, and can conclude that these starches are an important source of iron and zinc.

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Compliance with Ethics Requirements

This is an original research article that has neither been published previously nor considered presently for publication elsewhere.

All authors named in the manuscript are entitled to the authorship and have approved the final version of the submitted manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Santa Cruz State University (UESC).

Conflict of Interest

Erik G. P. da Silva has received research grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Vinicius C. Costa, Wesley N. Guedes, and Ivero P. de Sá received research grants from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB). Mayara C. dos Santos has received research grants from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

Vinicius C. Costa declares that he has no conflict of interest. Wesley N. Guedes declares that he has no conflict of interest. Ivero P. de Sá declares that he has no conflict of interest. Mayara C. dos Santos declares that she has no conflict of interest. Erik G. P. da Silva declares that he has no conflict of interest. Daniel de C. Lima declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amando km 16, Salobrinho, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

    Fábio A. C. Amorim, Vinicius C. Costa, Wesley N. Guedes, Ivero P. de Sá, Mayara C. dos Santos, Erik G. P. da Silva & Daniel de C. Lima

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  1. Fábio A. C. Amorim
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  2. Vinicius C. Costa
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  3. Wesley N. Guedes
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  4. Ivero P. de Sá
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  5. Mayara C. dos Santos
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  6. Erik G. P. da Silva
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  7. Daniel de C. Lima
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Correspondence to Fábio A. C. Amorim.

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Amorim, F.A.C., Costa, V.C., Guedes, W.N. et al. Multivariate Optimization of Method of Slurry Sampling for Determination of Iron and Zinc in Starch Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Food Anal. Methods 9, 1719–1725 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0296-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0296-2

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