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QuEChERS in Combination with Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Six Fungicides in Grape

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Abstract

A method for simultaneous analysis of six fungicides in grape was developed by using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method (UA-DLLME-SFO) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV detector (HPLC-UV). The extractant was obtained from grape samples using the modified QuEChERS (acronym of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method. Then the target fungicides were rapidly transferred from the acetonitrile extract to the phase of 100 μL of 1-undecanol, which is of low density, low toxicity, and proper melting point near room temperature using UA-DLLME-SFO. Experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, recovery tests were carried out at three different concentrations. The average recoveries ranged from 72.5 % to 100.6 % with relative standard deviations of 0.8 % to 7.3 % (n = 5). The limits of quantifications of the method for all the target fungicides varied from 0.5 to 5 mg kg−1, which were lower than the MRLs established by Codex Alimentarius Commission and USA. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed method is easy, fast, economic, and less toxic and avoids conventional concentration methods like rotary evaporation and nitrogen stream drying.

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Acknowledgments

This study was partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Item NO. 21177155).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

    Xiangwei You, Wenqing Jiang & Fengmao Liu

  2. Research Center for Quality Safety and Standard of Agricultural Products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Congyun Liu

Authors
  1. Xiangwei You
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  2. Wenqing Jiang
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  3. Fengmao Liu
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  4. Congyun Liu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fengmao Liu.

Additional information

Xiangwei You and Wenqing Jiang contributed equally to this work.

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You, X., Jiang, W., Liu, F. et al. QuEChERS in Combination with Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Six Fungicides in Grape. Food Anal. Methods 6, 1515–1521 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-012-9546-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-012-9546-8

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