Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Extraction Techniques on Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Bauhinia purpurea: HPTLC Determination of Antioxidants

  • Published:
Food Analytical Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bauhinia purpurea leaf was extracted by Soxhlet, ultrasonication and maceration extraction methods using ethanol (99.5%, v/v) to obtain Soxhlet (SBE), ultrasonicated (UBE) and macerated (MBE) B. purpurea leaf extract. The effects of different extracting methods on the polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were investigated. Disc diffusion and broth dilution methods were also carried out to find the antibacterial activity of these extracts. Findings of this study showed that UBE possessed significant (P < 0.05) polyphenolic constituents followed by MBE and SBE. All the extracts exhibited good DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging as well as potential reducing ability in TAC and FRAP methods. UBE possessed significant (P < 0.05) radical scavenging activity and reducing ability followed by MBE and SBE. Even the results of antibacterial activity were similar to antioxidant activity, with UBE inhibiting most of the bacteria followed by MBE and SBE. All the extracts were subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography followed by high-performance TLC densitometric determination, and the results show that extraction using ultrasonication method yields the highest amount of antioxidant compounds among the three methods mentioned earlier. This study confirms ultrasonic extraction to be an ideal, simple and rapid method to obtain antioxidant- as well as antibacterial-enriched B. purpurea leaf extract. The HPTLC fingerprint profile can be used as a reference data for the standardisation of B. purpurea leaf.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Asolker LV, Kakkar KK, Chakre OJ (2000) Supplement to glossary of Indian medicinal plants. Part-I (A-K). National Institute of Science Communication, New Delhi, pp 116–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Truck M (1966) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardised single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol 45:493–496

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benzie IFF, Strain JJ (1996) The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power, the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 239:70–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blois MS (1958) Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181:1199–1200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boonphong S, Puangsombat P, Baramee A, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P (2007) Bioactive compounds from Bauhinia purpurea possessing antimalarial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. J Nat Prod 70:795–801

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns RR (1971) Methods for the estimation of tannins in grain, Sorghum. Agron J 63:511–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SB, Liu HP, Tian RT, Yang DJ, Chen SL, Xu HX, Chan ASC, Xie PS (2006) High-performance thin-layer chromatographic fingerprints of isoflavonoids for distinguishing between Radix puerariae Lobate and Radix puerariae Thomsonii. J Chromatogr A 1121:114–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di X, Chan KKC, Leung HW, Huie CW (2003) Fingerprint profiling of acid hydrolyzates of polysachharides extracted from the fruiting bodies and spores of Lingzhi by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1018:85–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elof JN (1998) A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta Med 64:711–713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gu L, Wu T, Wang Z (2009) TLC bioautography-guided isolation of antioxidants from fruit of Perilla frutescens var. acuta. LWT Food Sci Technol 42:131–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayouni EA, Abedrabba M, Bouix M, Hamdi M (2007) The effects of solvents and extraction method on the phenolic contents and biological activities in vitro of Tunisian Quercus coccifera L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. fruit extracts. Food Chem 105:1126–1134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirthikar KR, Basu DB (2001) Indian medicinal plants, vol. 4, 2nd edn. Oriental Enterprises, Dehradun, pp 1255–1257

  • Kuo YH, Yeh MH, Huang SL (1998) A novel 6-butyl-3-hydroxyflavonone from heartwood of Bauhinia purpurea. Phytochemistry 49(8):2529–2530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muralikrishna KS, Latha KP, Shreedhara CS, Vaidya VP, Krupanidhi AM (2008) Effect of Bauhinia purpurea Linn. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats and isolated frog’s heart. Int J Green Pharm 2(2):83–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panda S, Kar A (1999) Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. J Ethnopharmacol 67:233–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penna C, Marino S, Vivot E, Cruanes MC, de D Munoz JD, Cruanes J, Ferraro G, Gutkind G, Martino V (2001) Antimicrobial activity of Argentine plants used in the treatment of infectious diseases: isolation of active compounds from Sebastiania brasiliensis. J Ethnopharmacol 77:37–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pettit GR, Numata A, Iwamoto C, Usami Y, Yamada T, Ohishi H, Cragg GM (2006) Antineoplastic agents. 551. isolation and structures of bauhiniastatins 1–4 from Bauhinia purpurea. J Nat Prod 69:323–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M (1999) Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of Vitamin E. Anal Biochem 269:337–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Proestos C, Komaitis M (2006) Ultrasonically assisted extaction of phenolic compounds from aromatic plants: comparison with conventional extraction technics. J Food Qual 29:567–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajaram N, Janardhanan K (1991) Chemical composition and nutritional potential of tribal pulses Bauhinia purpurea, B. racemosa and B. vahlii. J Agric Food Chem 55:423–431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren W, Qiao Z, Wang H, Zhu L, Zhang L (2003) Flavonoids: promising anticancer agents. Med Res Rev 23:519–534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakanaka S, Tachibana Y, Okada Y (2005) Preparation and antioxidant of extracts of Japanese persimmon leaf tea (kakinoha-cha). Food Chem 89:569–575

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorizing assay. Free Radic Biol Med 26(9–10):1231–1237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salatino A, Blatt CTT, Dos Santos DYAC, Vaz AMSF (1999) Foliar flavonoids of nine species of Bauhinia. Rev Bras Bot 22:17–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shreedhara CS, Vaidya VP, Vagdevi HM, Latha KP, Muralikrishna KS, Krupanidhi AM (2009) Screening of Bauhinia purpurea Linn. for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Indian J Pharmacol 41(2):75–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singleton VL, Rossi JA (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic–phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic 16:144–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soberon JR, Sgariglia MA, Sampietro DA, Quiroga EN, Sierra MG, Vattuone MA (2010) Purification and identification of antibacterial phenolics from Tripodanthus acutifolium leaves. J Appl Microbiol 108:1757–1768

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vijayakumari K, Pugalenthi M, Vadivel V (2007) Effect of soaking and hydrothermal processing methods on the levels of antinutrients and in vitro protein digestibility of Bauhinia purpurea L. seed. Food Chem 103:968–975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Weller CL (2006) Recent advances in the extraction of neutraceuticals from plant. Trends Food Sci Technol 17:300–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadava RN, Tripathi P (2000) A novel flavone glycoside from the stem of Bauhinia purpurea. Fitoterapia 71:88–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zakaria ZA, Wen LY, Abdul Rahman NI, Abdul Halim AA, Sulaiman MR, Gopalan HK (2007) Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves in experimental animals. Med Princ Pract 16:443–449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zakaria ZA (2007) Free radical scavenging activity of some plants available in Malaysia. Iran J Pharmacol Ther 6(1):87–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou L, Li D, Wang J, Liu Y, Wu J (2007) Antibacterial phenolic compounds from the spines of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Nat Prod Res 21:283–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This project was funded by USM Research University Grant. The author (Annegowda H.V.) gratefully acknowledges the Institute of Postgraduate Studies of USM, Malaysia, for granting USM Fellowship.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    H. V. Annegowda, M. N. Mordi, S. Ramanathan, M. R. Hamdan & S. M. Mansor

Authors
  1. H. V. Annegowda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. N. Mordi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Ramanathan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. R. Hamdan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. M. Mansor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. V. Annegowda.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Annegowda, H.V., Mordi, M.N., Ramanathan, S. et al. Effect of Extraction Techniques on Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Bauhinia purpurea: HPTLC Determination of Antioxidants. Food Anal. Methods 5, 226–233 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-011-9228-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-011-9228-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation