Abstract
This paper describes a simplified high-performance liquid chromatography method without clean-up step for the determination of abamectin residue in non-fatty vegetables and fruits. The abamectin residues were extracted efficiently with acetonitrile assisting by ultrasound and then directly derivatized without requiring the clean-up step. Results showed that the developed method has good sensitivity and selectivity for determining the abamectin residues in vegetables and fruits. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.0005 and 0.002 μg/g, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 83.2% to 123.7% with satisfactory precision (RSD < 16.7%) and bias (−16.8 ∼ 23.7%). The proposed method was successfully applied to analyze the real commercial samples.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berendsen BJA, Mulder PPJ, van Rhijn Hans JA (2007) The derivatisation of avermectins and milbemycins in milk: new insights and improvement of the procedure. Analytic Chimica Acta 585:126–133
Bienvenida GL, García-Reyes JF, Antonio MD (2009) Sample treatment and determination of pesticide residues in fatty vegetable matrices: a review. Talanta 79:109–128
Campbell WC, Fisher MH, Stapley EO, Albers-Schonberg G, Jacob TA (1983) Ivermectin: a potent new antiparasitic agent. Science 221:823–828
Chung K, Yang CC, Wu ML, Deng JF, Tsai WJ (1999) Agricultural avermectins: an uncommon but potentially fatal cause of pesticide poisoning. Ann Emerg Med 34:51–57
Cobin JA, Johnson NA (1996) Determination of total avermectin B1 and 8, 9-Z-avermectin B1 residues in wine by liquid chromatography. J AOAC Int 79:1158–1162
Crouch LS, Feely WF, Arison BH, Vanden Heuvel WJA, Colwell LF, Stearns RA, Kline WF, Wislocki PG (1991) Photodegradation of avermectin Bla thin films on glass. J Agric Food Chem 39:1310–1319
Crouch LS, Gordon LR, Feely WF, Maynard MS, Wise LD, Wislocki PG (1992) Nontoxicity of polar abamectin degradates from citrus fruit and thin film photolysis. J Agric Food Chem 40(11):88–92
De Montigny P, Shim JSK, Pivnichny JV (1990) Liquid chromatographic determination of ivermectin in animal plasma with trifluoroacetic anhydride and N-methylimidazole as the derivatization reagent. J Pharm Biomed Anal 8:507
European Commission (2004) Directorate General Health and Consumer Protection, Commission Document no. SANCO/10232/2006, Quality Control Procedures for Pesticide Residue Analysis, March 24
FAO/WHO (1997) Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program, Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues, CX/PR 97/9.p.159
Feás X, Seijas JA, Vázquez-Tato MP, Regal P, Cepeda A, Fente C (2009) Syntheses of molecularly imprinted polymers: molecular recognition of cyproheptadine using original print molecules and azatadine as dummy templates. Anal Chim Acta 631(2):237–44
Hernández-Borges J, Ravelo-Pérez LM, Hernández-Suárez EM, Carnero A, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ (2007) Analysis of abamectin residues in avocados by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 1165:52–57
Huang J, Casida JE (1997) Avermectin Bla binds to high- and low-affinity sites with dual effects on the y-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channel of cultured cerebellar granule neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 281:261–266
Kolar L, Kuzjner J, Erzjen NK (2004) Determination of abamectin and doramectin in sheep faeces using HPLC with fluorescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr 18:117–124
Lanka's GR, Gordon MR (1989) Toxicology. In: Campbell WC (ed) Ivermectin and Abamectin. Springer-Verlag, NY
Ravelo PLM, Hernandez BJ, Rodriguez DMA (2006) Pesticides analysis by liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 29:2557–2561
Roudaut B (1998) Multiresidue method for the determination of avermectin and moxidecticn residues in liver using HPLC with fluorescence detection. Analyst 123:2541–2544
Shipp JL, Wang K, Ferguson G (2000) Residual toxicity of avermectin b1 and pyridaben to eight commercially produced beneficial arthropod species used for control of greenhouse pests. Biol Control 17:125–131
Sun YJ, Diao XP, Zhang QD, Shen JZ (2005) Bioaccumulation and elimination of avermectin B1a in the earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Chemosphere 60:699–704
Sunil VP, Richard JV, Teresa AW, Richard SE, Patricia CT (1992) Rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of abamectin and its delta 8, 9-isomer. J Agric Food Chem 40:622–625
Valenzuela AI, Redondo MJ, Pico Y, Font G (2000) Determination of abamectin in citrus fruits by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 871:57–65
Valenzuela AI, Popa DS, Redondo MJ (2001) Comparison of various liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of avermectin residues in citrus fruits. J Chromatogr A 918:59–65
Wang Q, Chen JA, Liu ZM, Wu SG, Zhao XP, Wu CX (2005) Influences of insecticides on toxicity and cuticular penetration of abamectin in Helicoverpa armigera. Insect Sci 12:109–119
Wei GZ, Li JS (2001) Improved method for determination of abamectin and ivermectin in cattle plasma. J AOAC Int 84:1730–1734
Xie XC, Zhang SH, Wang DS, Huangpu WG, Yang T, Zhao J (2006) Impact factors of fluorescence derivatization reaction of abamectin. Chin J Analytic Chem 34:1745–1748
Yoshii K, Kaihara A, Tsumura Y, Ishimitsu S, Tonogai Y (2000) Liquid chromatographic determination of emamectin, milbemectin, ivermectin and abamectin in crops and confirmation by liquid chromatography_mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 896:75–85
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the key project of developing agriculture (No.2003-10-6) from Shanghai Agriculture Committee and the standard-technology program (No.08GWQ068) from Shanghai Science and Technology Committee.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xie, X., Wang, X. & Zhao, L. A Fast, Simple, and Reliable High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Determining Abamectin Residues in Vegetables and Fruits. Food Anal. Methods 4, 203–211 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-010-9153-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-010-9153-5