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Carcinoma Ex-Schneiderian Papilloma (Malignant Transformation): A Clinicopathologic and Immunophenotypic Study of 20 Cases Combined with a Comprehensive Review of the Literature

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Abstract

Schneiderian papilloma (SP) are uncommon tumors with malignant transformation even less common. The histologic criteria to define malignant transformation are not well developed nor is the immunohistochemical profile reported in a large series of carcinomas. 20 cases of malignant transformation of SP included 7 females and 13 males, aged 38–86 years (mean 60.7 years). Patients presented most frequently with a mass (n = 11) and obstructive symptoms (n = 7), present for 38.7 months (mean). Most patients had no previous history of SP (n = 13); metachronous carcinoma was identified in 7 patients an average of 34.4 months after the first diagnosis of SP, with 1–4 recurrences of SP. With a mean size of 4.1 cm, the majority of tumors involved a combination of more than one anatomic site (n = 10), followed by the maxillary sinus only (n = 5) or nasal cavity only (n = 3). Histologically, 17 were inverted and 3 exophytic type SP. There were 17 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 1 sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, comprising from 10 to 95 % of the tumor volume. Malignant histologic features included atypical mitoses, necrosis, bone invasion, lymphovascular invasion, decreased transmigrating neutrophils, paradoxical maturation, dyskeratosis and/or perineural invasion (n = 3). Patients tended to present with advanced stage (n = 14, Stage III and IV). Immunohistochemical studies showed positive reactions in the malignancies for CK5/6 (86 %), p63 (86 %), CK7 (luminal, 50 %), p53 (83 %), and p16 (25 %). In situ hybridization detected human papillomavirus in 26 %. Surgery was often accompanied by radiation therapy (n = 13), with a mean of 2.4 years of follow-up. Five patients developed a recurrence between 0.8 and 3.3 years. Carcinomas ex-SP are less common and are associated with better outcome than previously reported. Patients tend to present with a synchronous carcinoma, developing in an inverted type SP, with squamous cell carcinoma the most common malignancy. Development of metachronous carcinomas ex-SP was always preceded by SP recurrence in this series.

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Acknowledgments

The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of Southern California Permanente Medical Group or the University of Pittsburgh.

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  1. Department of Pathology, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 5601 De Soto Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA, 91365, USA

    Jeremy Nudell & Lester D. R. Thompson

  2. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Simion Chiosea

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Nudell, J., Chiosea, S. & Thompson, L.D.R. Carcinoma Ex-Schneiderian Papilloma (Malignant Transformation): A Clinicopathologic and Immunophenotypic Study of 20 Cases Combined with a Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Head and Neck Pathol 8, 269–286 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-014-0527-7

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