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Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion Characterization of Bacillus Species Isolated from Calendula officinalis Rhizosphere

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Abstract

The phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the plant growth promoting Bacillus genus have been widely investigated in the rhizosphere of various agricultural crops. However, to our knowledge this is the first report on the Bacillus species isolated from the rhizosphere of Calendula officinalis. 15 % of the isolated bacteria were screened for their important antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cucumerinium and Alternaria alternata. The bacteria identification based on 16S r-RNA and gyrase-A genes analysis, revealed strains closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, B. subtilis sub sp spizezenii and Paenibacillus polymyxa species. The electro-spray mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (ESI-LC MS) analysis showed that most of the Bacillus isolates produced the three lipopeptides families. However, the P. polymyxa (18SRTS) didn’t produce any type of lipopeptides. All the tested Bacillus isolates produced cellulase but the protease activity was observed only in the B. amyloliquefaciens species (9SRTS). The Salkowsky colorimetric test showed that the screened bacteria synthesized 6–52 μg/ml of indole 3 acetic acid. These bacteria produced siderophores with more than 10 mm wide orange zones on chromazurol S. The greenhouse experiment using a naturally infested soil with Sclerotonia sclerotiorum showed that the B. amyloliquefaciens (9SRTS) had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the pre-germination of the chickpea seeds. However, it increased the size of the chickpea plants and reduced the stem rot disease (P < 0.05).These results suggested that the Bacillus strains isolated in this work may be further used as bioinoculants to improve the production of C. officinalis and other crop systems.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. Sabri Ahmed for his help and guidance in DNA sequences analysis and to Dr Nassim Moula for the statistical analysis of the in vivo test data with SAS program. This study was financed by a fellowships European program Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation Window-consortium AVERROES.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre Wallon de Biologie Industrielle, Université de Liège, B40-Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Asma Ait Kaki, Marc Ongena & Philippe Thonart

  2. Laboratoire de Mycologie, Biotechnologie et de l’Activité Antimicrobienne, Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Mentouri de Constantine, Aein Elbey, 25017, Constantine, Algeria

    Asma Ait Kaki, Noreddine Kacem Chaouche, Laid Dehimat, Asma Milet & Mounia Youcef-Ali

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  1. Asma Ait Kaki
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  2. Noreddine Kacem Chaouche
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  7. Philippe Thonart
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Correspondence to Asma Ait Kaki.

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Ait Kaki, A., Kacem Chaouche, N., Dehimat, L. et al. Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion Characterization of Bacillus Species Isolated from Calendula officinalis Rhizosphere. Indian J Microbiol 53, 447–452 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-013-0395-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-013-0395-y

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