Skip to main content
Log in

CCN5: biology and pathophysiology

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling Aims and scope

Abstract

CCN5 is one of six proteins in the CCN family. This family of proteins has been shown to play important roles in many processes, including proliferation, migration, adhesion, extracellular matrix regulation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, fibrosis, and implantation. In this review, we focus on the biological and putative pathophysiological roles of CCN5. This intriguing protein is structurally unique among the CCN family members, and has a unique biological activity profile as well.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aprelikova O, Wood M, Tackett S, Chandramouli GV, Barrett JC (2006) Role of ETS transcription factors in the hypoxia-inducible factor-2 target gene selection. Cancer Res 66:5641–5647

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S, Saxena N, Sengupta K, Tawfik O, Mayo MS, Banerjee SK (2003) WISP-2 gene in human breast cancer: estrogen and progesterone inducible expression and regulation of tumor cell proliferation. Neoplasia 5:63–73

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S, Sengupta K, Saxena NK, Dhar K, Banerjee SK (2005) Epidermal growth factor induces WISP-2/CCN5 expression in estrogen receptor-alpha-positive breast tumor cells through multiple molecular cross-talks. Mol Cancer Res 3:151–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S, Dhar G, Haque I, Kambhampati S, Mehta S, Sengupta K, Tawfik O, Phillips TA, Banerjee SK (2008) CCN5/WISP-2 expression in breast adenocarcinoma is associated with less frequent progression of the disease and suppresses the invasive phenotypes of tumor cells. Cancer Res 68:7606–7612

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bork P (1993) The modular architecture of a new family of growth regulators related to connective tissue growth factor. FEBS Lett 327:125–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CC, Lau LF (2009) Functions and mechanisms of action of CCN matricellular proteins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41:771–783

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies SR, Watkins G, Mansel RE, Jiang WG (2007) Differential expression and prognostic implications of the CCN family members WISP-1, WISP-2, and WISP-3 in human breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 14:1909–1918

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delmolino LM, Stearns NA, Castellot JJ Jr (1997) Heparin induces a member of the CCN family which has characteristics of a growth arrest gene. Mol Biol Cell 8:287a

    Google Scholar 

  • Delmolino LM, Stearns NA, Castellot JJ Jr (2001) COP-1, a member of the CCN family, is a heparin-induced growth arrest specific gene in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 188:45–55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dhar G, Mehta S, Banerjee S, Gardner A, McCarty BM, Mathur SC, Campbell DR, Kambhampati S, Banerjee SK (2007a) Loss of WISP-2/CCN5 signaling in human pancreatic cancer: a potential mechanism for epithelial-mesenchymal-transition. Cancer Lett 254:63–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dhar K, Banerjee S, Dhar G, Sengupta K, Banerjee SK (2007b) Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) induces WISP-2/CCN5 via multiple molecular cross-talks and is essential for mitogenic switch by IGF-1 axis in estrogen receptor-positive breast tumor cells. Cancer Res 67:1520–1526

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dhar G, Banerjee S, Dhar K, Tawfik O, Mayo MS, Vanveldhuizen PJ, Banerjee SK (2008) Gain of oncogenic function of p53 mutants induces invasive phenotypes in human breast cancer cells by silencing CCN5/WISP-2. Cancer Res 68:4580–4587

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fritah A, Saucier C, De Wever O, Bracke M, Bieche I, Lidereau R, Gespach C, Drouot S, Redeuilh G, Sabbah M (2008) Role of WISP-2/CCN5 in the maintenance of a differentiated and noninvasive phenotype in human breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol 28:1114–1123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fukutomi T, Zhou Y, Kawai S, Eguchi H, Wands JR, Li J (2005) Hepatitis C virus core protein stimulates hepatocyte growth: correlation with upregulation of wnt-1 expression. Hepatology 41:1096–1105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray MR, Malmquist JA, Sullivan M, Blea M, Castellot JJ Jr (2007) CCN5 Expression in mammals. II. Adult rodent tissues. J Cell Commun Signal 1:145–158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto G, Inoki I, Fujii Y, Aoki T, Ikeda E, Okada Y (2002) Matrix metalloproteinases cleave connective tissue growth factor and reactivate angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial growth factor 165. J Biol Chem 277:36288–36295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holbourn KP, Perbal B, Ravi Acharya K (2009) Proteins on the catwalk: modelling the structural domains of the CCN family of proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 3:25–41

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iliopoulos D, Bimpaki EI, Nesterova M, Stratakis CA (2009) MicroRNA signature of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease: clinical correlations and regulation of Wnt signaling. Cancer Res 69(8):3278–3782

    Google Scholar 

  • Inadera H (2003) Estrogen-induced genes, WISP-2 and pS2, respond divergently to protein kinase pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 309:272–278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inadera H, Hashimoto S, Dong HY, Suzuki T, Nagai S, Yamashita T, Toyoda N, Matsushima K (2000) WISP-2 as a novel estrogen-responsive gene in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 275:108–114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inadera H, Dong HY, Matsushima K (2002) WISP-2 is a secreted protein and can be a marker of estrogen exposure in MCF-7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 294:602–608

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inadera H, Shimomura A, Tachibana S (2009) Effect of Wnt-1 inducible signaling pathway protein-2 (WISP-2/CCN5), a downstream protein of Wnt signaling, on adipocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 379:969–974

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsen SA, Gungor C, Prenzel T, Riethdorf S, Riethdorf L, Taniguchi-Ishigaki N, Rau T, Tursun B, Furlow JD, Sauter G, Scheffner M, Pantel K, Gannon F, Bach I (2009) Regulation of estrogen-dependent transcription by the LIM cofactors CLIM and RLIM in breast cancer. Cancer Res 69:128–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones JA, Gray MR, Oliveira BE, Koch M, Castellot JJ Jr (2007) CCN5 expression in mammals: I. Embryonic and fetal tissues of mouse and human. J Cell Commun Signal 1:127–143

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karagiannis ED, Popel AS (2007) Peptides derived from type I thrombospondin repeat-containing proteins of the CCN family inhibit proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39:2314–2323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota S, Takigawa M (2007) CCN family proteins and angiogenesis: from embryo to adulthood. Angiogenesis 10:1–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Hand AT, Connor JR, Dodds RA, Ryan PJ, Trill JJ, Fisher SM, Nuttall ME, Lipshutz DB, Zou C, Hwang SM, Votta BJ, James IE, Rieman DJ, Gowen M, Lee JC (1999) Identification and cloning of a connective tissue growth factor-like cDNA from human osteoblasts encoding a novel regulator of osteoblast functions. J Biol Chem 274:17123–17131

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lake AC, Castellot JJ Jr (2003) CCN5 modulates the antiproliferative effect of heparin and regulates cell motility in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Commun Signal 1:5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lake AC, Bialik A, Walsh K, Castellot JJ Jr (2003) CCN5 is a growth arrest-specific gene that regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and motility. Am J Pathol 162:219–231

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason HR, Grove-Strawser D, Rubin BS, Nowak RA, Castellot JJ Jr (2004a) Estrogen induces CCN5 expression in the rat uterus in vivo. Endocrinology 145:976–982

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason HR, Lake AC, Wubben JE, Nowak RA, Castellot JJ Jr (2004b) The growth arrest-specific gene CCN5 is deficient in human leiomyomas and inhibits the proliferation and motility of cultured human uterine smooth muscle cells. Mol Hum Reprod 10:181–187

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McManus EJ, Sakamoto K, Armit LJ, Ronaldson L, Shpiro N, Marquez R, Alessi DR (2005) Role that phosphorylation of GSK3 plays in insulin and Wnt signalling defined by knockin analysis. EMBO J 24:1571–1583

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mo FE, Muntean AG, Chen CC, Stolz DB, Watkins SC, Lau LF (2002) CYR61 (CCN1) is essential for placental development and vascular integrity. Mol Cell Biol 22:8709–8720

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parisi MS, Gazzerro E, Rydziel S, Canalis E (2006) Expression and regulation of CCN genes in murine osteoblasts. Bone 38:671–677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pecha J, Ankrapp D, Jiang C, Tang W, Hoshino I, Bruck K, Wagner KU, Xiao H (2007) Deletion of Tip30 leads to rapid immortalization of murine mammary epithelial cells and ductal hyperplasia in the mammary gland. Oncogene 26:7423–7431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pennica D, Swanson TA, Welsh JW, Roy MA, Lawrence DA, Lee J, Brush J, Taneyhill LA, Deuel B, Lew M, Watanabe C, Cohen RL, Melhem MF, Finley GG, Quirke P, Goddard AD, Hillan KJ, Gurney AL, Botstein D, Levine AJ (1998) WISP genes are members of the connective tissue growth factor family that are up-regulated in wnt-1-transformed cells and aberrantly expressed in human colon tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:14717–14722

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quan T, Shin S, Qin Z, Fisher GJ (2009) Expression of CCN family of genes in human skin in vivo and alterations by solar-simulated ultraviolet irradiation. J Cell Commun Signal 3:19–23

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson JA, Chatterjee-Kishore M, Yaworsky PJ, Cullen DM, Zhao W, Li C, Kharode Y, Sauter L, Babij P, Brown EL, Hill AA, Akhter MP, Johnson ML, Recker RR, Komm BS, Bex FJ (2006) Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is a normal physiological response to mechanical loading in bone. J Biol Chem 281:31720–31728

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena N, Banerjee S, Sengupta K, Zoubine MN, Banerjee SK (2001) Differential expression of WISP-1 and WISP-2 genes in normal and transformed human breast cell lines. Mol Cell Biochem 228:99–104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schutze N, Noth U, Schneidereit J, Hendrich C, Jakob F (2005) Differential expression of CCN-family members in primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 3:5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta K, Banerjee S, Dhar K, Saxena NK, Mehta S, Campbell DR, Banerjee SK (2006) WISP-2/CCN5 is involved as a novel signaling intermediate in phorbol ester-protein kinase Calpha-mediated breast tumor cell proliferation. Biochemistry 45:10698–10709

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki A, Ozono K, Kubota T, Kondou H, Tachikawa K, Michigami T (2008) PTH/cAMP/PKA signaling facilitates canonical Wnt signaling via inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in osteoblastic Saos-2 cells. J Cell Biochem 104:304–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka I, Morikawa M, Okuse T, Shirakawa M, Imai K (2005) Expression and regulation of WISP2 in rheumatoid arthritic synovium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 334(4):973–997

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser S, Yang X (2010) Identification of LATS transcriptional targets in HeLa cells using whole human genome oligonucleotide microarray. Gene 449:22–29

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Averboukh L, Zhu W, Zhang H, Jo H, Dempsey PJ, Coffey RJ, Pardee AB, Liang P (1998) Identification of rCop-1, a new member of the CCN protein family, as a negative regulator for cell transformation. Mol Cell Biol 18:6131–6141

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong N, Gersch RP, Hadjiargyrou M (2006) Wnt signaling activation during bone regeneration and the role of dishevelled in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Bone 39:5–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zoubine MN, Banerjee S, Saxena NK, Campbell DR, Banerjee SK (2001) WISP-2: a serum-inducible gene differentially expressed in human normal breast epithelial cells and in MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 282:421–425

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John J. Castellot Jr..

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Russo, J.W., Castellot, J.J. CCN5: biology and pathophysiology. J. Cell Commun. Signal. 4, 119–130 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-010-0098-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-010-0098-7

Keywords

Navigation