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Coupling of \(\hbox {CH}_{3}\)OH and \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) with 2-cyanopyridine for enhanced yields of dimethyl carbonate over \(\text {ZnO}\)–\(\text {CeO}_{2}\) catalyst

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Abstract

The present work is aimed to produce dimethyl carbonate by coupling of \(\hbox {CH}_{3}\)OH and \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) with 2-cyanopyridine over ZnO–\(\text {CeO}_{2}\) catalysts prepared by co-precipitation method. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis DRS, BET surface area, \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) and \(\hbox {NH}_{3}\)-TPD techniques and applied for the titled reaction. Among the investigated catalysts 10ZnO–90\(\text {CeO}_{2 }\) catalyst with \(\text {CeO}_{2}\) crystallite size 8.0 nm exhibited 96% conversion of methanol with 99% selectivity to dimethyl carbonate. The superior catalytic activity is a unified effect of crystalline size of \(\text {CeO}_{2}\) and presence of an optimum number of acidic and basic sites. This protocol offers enhanced conversion of methanol with the simultaneous conversion of 2-cyanopyridine into 2-picolinamide by removing water molecules formed in the reaction.

Graphic Abstract

Incorporation of ZnO with \(\text {CeO}_{2}\) enhanced the number of active sites, i.e., acidic and basic sites due to synergetic effect between ZnO and \(\text {CeO}_{2}\). The role of 2-cyano pyridine is to act as a dehydrating agent for the removal of \(\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-AcSIR), New Delhi, India

    Prathap Challa, Nagu A, David Raju B & Rama Rao K S

  2. Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India

    Prathap Challa, Venkata Rao M, Nagaiah P, Nagu A, David Raju B & Rama Rao K S

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  1. Prathap Challa
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  2. Venkata Rao M
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Correspondence to Rama Rao K S.

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Challa, P., M, V.R., P, N. et al. Coupling of \(\hbox {CH}_{3}\)OH and \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) with 2-cyanopyridine for enhanced yields of dimethyl carbonate over \(\text {ZnO}\)–\(\text {CeO}_{2}\) catalyst. J Chem Sci 131, 86 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-019-1651-4

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