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Autophagy: A double-edged sword in Alzheimer’s disease

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Abstract

Autophagy is a major protein degradation pathway that is essential for stress-induced and constitutive protein turnover. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that amyloid-β (Aβ) protein can be generated in autophagic vacuoles, promoting its extracellular deposition in neuritic plaques as the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular machinery for Aβ generation, including APP, APP-C99 and β-/γ-secretases, are all enriched in autophagic vacuoles. The induction of autophagy can be vividly observed in the brain at early stages of sporadic AD and in an AD transgenic mouse model. Accumulated evidence has also demonstrated a neuroprotective role of autophagy in mediating the degradation of aggregated proteins that are causative of various neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy is thus widely regarded as an intracellular hub for the removal of the detrimental Aβ peptides and Tau aggregates. Nonetheless, compelling data also reveal an unfavorable function of autophagy in facilitating the production of intracellular Aβ. The two faces of autophagy on the homeostasis of Aβ place it in a very unique and intriguing position in AD pathogenesis. This article briefly summarizes seminal discoveries that are shedding new light on the critical and unique roles of autophagy in AD and potential therapeutic approaches against autophagy-elicited AD.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the members of the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, for stimulating discussions. This study was supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC 96-2311-B-002-012-MY3 to W-PH and NSC 98-2320-B-001-014-MY2 to Y-FL) and Academia Sinica (to Y-FL).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan

    Ying-Tsen Tung, Bo-Jeng Wang & Yung-Feng Liao

  2. Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Ying-Tsen Tung, Bo-Jeng Wang, Hsinyu Lee, Wei-Pang Huang & Yung-Feng Liao

  3. School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan

    Ming-Kuan Hu

  4. Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan

    Wen-Ming Hsu

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  1. Ying-Tsen Tung
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Ying-Tsen Tung and Bo-Jeng Wang and contributed equally to this work.

[Tung Y-T, Wang B-J, Hu M-K, Hsu W-M, Lee H, Huang W-P and Liao Y-F 2012 Autophagy: A double-edged sword in Alzheimer’s disease. J. Biosci. 37 1–9] DOI

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Tung, YT., Wang, BJ., Hu, MK. et al. Autophagy: A double-edged sword in Alzheimer’s disease. J Biosci 37, 157–165 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-011-9176-0

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