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Müller Glia-Mediated Retinal Regeneration

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Abstract

Müller glia originate from neuroepithelium and are the principal glial cells in the retina. During retinal development, Müller glia are one of the last cell types to be born. In lower vertebrates, such as zebrafish, Müller glia possess a remarkable capacity for retinal regeneration following various forms of injury through a reprogramming process in which endogenous Müller glia proliferate and differentiate into all types of retinal cells. In mammals, Müller glia become reactive in response to damage to protect or to further impair retinal function. Although mammalian Müller glia have regenerative potential, it is limited as far as repairing damaged retina. Lessons learned from zebrafish will help reveal the critical mechanisms involved in Müller glia reprogramming. Progress has been made in triggering Müller glia to reprogram and generate functional neurons to restore vision in mammals indicating that Müller glia reprogramming may be a promising therapeutic strategy for human retinal diseases. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms related to retinal regeneration in model animals and the critical advanced progress made in Müller glia reprogramming in mammals.

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0107302), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31930068, 81873688).

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  1. Hui Gao and Luodan A contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China

    Hui Gao, Luodan A, Xiaona Huang & Haiwei Xu

  2. Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China

    Hui Gao, Luodan A, Xiaona Huang & Haiwei Xu

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China

    Xi Chen

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Hui Gao, Luodan A, and Haiwei Xu write the review. Xiaona Huang and Xi Chen revise the review.

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Gao, H., A, L., Huang, X. et al. Müller Glia-Mediated Retinal Regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 58, 2342–2361 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-02274-w

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