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A Systematic Review of MicroRNA Expression as Biomarker of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

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Abstract

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is a high-occurrence neurological disorder but the difficulty in identifying precise and early biomarkers has complicated the understanding of the disease and the development of new treatments. In this sense, important knowledge is emerging regarding novel molecular and biological candidates with diagnostic potential, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which have a key role in gene repression. The aim of this systematic review was to define the role of miRNAs’ expression as biomarkers for LOAD both in brain tissues, which could help understand the biology of the disease, and circulating tissues, which could serve as non-invasive markers of the pathology. A systematic search was performed in Web of Science and PubMed using the keywords ((Alzheimer or Alzheimer’s) and (microRNA or microRNAs or miRNA or miRNAs or miR)) until August 2018 to retrieve all articles that presented independent original data evaluating the impact of miRNA expression on the development of LOAD in human population. A total of 90 studies investigating the role of miRNAs’ expression in the development of LOAD were identified. While other widely studied miRNAs such as hsa-miR-146a presented contradictory results among studies, deregulation in brain tissue of seven miRNAs, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-125-5p, hsa-miR-132-3p, hsa-miR-181-3p, and hsa-miR-212-3p, was consistently identified in LOAD patients. Their role in the disease could be mediated through the regulation of key pathways, such as axon guidance, longevity, insulin, and MAPK signaling pathway. However, regarding their role as non-invasive biomarkers of LOAD in fluids, although the limited results available are promising, further studies are required.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Basque Government (IT989-16).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain

    Soraya Herrera-Espejo, Borja Santos-Zorrozua, Paula Álvarez-González, Elixabet Lopez-Lopez & África Garcia-Orad

  2. BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain

    Elixabet Lopez-Lopez & África Garcia-Orad

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  1. Soraya Herrera-Espejo
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  2. Borja Santos-Zorrozua
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  3. Paula Álvarez-González
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  4. Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
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Soraya Herrera-Espejo and Borja Santos-Zorrozua share first authorship

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Herrera-Espejo, S., Santos-Zorrozua, B., Álvarez-González, P. et al. A Systematic Review of MicroRNA Expression as Biomarker of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 56, 8376–8391 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-01676-9

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