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miRNA Editing: New Insights into the Fast Control of Gene Expression in Health and Disease

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Abstract

Post-transcriptional modifications are essential mechanisms for mRNA biogenesis and function in eukaryotic cells. Beyond well-characterized events such as splicing, capping, and polyadenylation, there are several others, as RNA editing mechanisms and regulation of transcription mediated by miRNAs that are taking increasing attention in the last years. RNA editing through A-to-I deamination increases transcriptomic complexity, generating different proteins with amino acid substitution from the same transcript. On the other hand, miRNAs can regulate gene expression modulating target mRNA decay and translation. Interestingly, recent studies highlight the possibility that miRNAs might undergo editing themselves. This mainly translates in the degradation or uncorrected maturation of miRNAs but also in the recognition of different targets. The presence of edited and unedited forms of the same miRNA may have important biological implications in both health and disease. Here we review ongoing investigations on miRNA RNA editing with the aim to shed light on the growing importance of this mechanism in adding complexity to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

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Funding

This work was supported by 2014 CARIPLO Foundation Biomedical Research conducted by Young Researchers 2014-1133 to LM. We thank Dr. Stefano Saloriani for the help in depicting Fig. 1.

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  1. Jessica Mingardi and Laura Musazzi contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics - Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Jessica Mingardi & Laura Musazzi

  2. Biology and Genetic Division, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy

    Giuseppina De Petro & Alessandro Barbon

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  1. Jessica Mingardi
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Correspondence to Alessandro Barbon.

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Mingardi, J., Musazzi, L., De Petro, G. et al. miRNA Editing: New Insights into the Fast Control of Gene Expression in Health and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 55, 7717–7727 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-0951-x

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