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SANGUINATE™ (PEGylated Carboxyhemoglobin Bovine) Improves Cerebral Blood Flow to Vulnerable Brain Regions at Risk of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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Abstract

Background

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been linked to focal reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and microvascular impairments in oxygen delivery. Effective therapies that restore flow and oxygen transport to vulnerable brain regions are currently lacking. SANGUINATE is a dual-action carbon monoxide-releasing and hemoglobin-based oxygen transfer agent with efficacy in animal models of focal brain ischemia and tolerability in patients with sickle cell disease.

Methods

We performed a safety and proof-of-principle study in 12 SAH patients at risk of DCI across three escalating doses (160, 240, and 320 mg/kg). We used 15O-PET (performed at baseline, after SANGUINATE and at 24 h) to evaluate efficacy for improving CBF and restoring flow–metabolism balance (assessed by oxygen extraction fraction [OEF]) to vulnerable regions (defined as baseline OEF ≥ 0.50).

Results

SANGUINATE resulted in a transient rise in mean arterial pressure (116 ± 15–127 ± 13 mm Hg, p = 0.001) that normalized by 24 h and allowed three patients with DCI to be weaned off vasopressors. No adverse events were noted during infusion. Global CBF did not rise (43 ± 8–46 ± 9 ml/100 g/min) although a trend was seen at the highest dose (45 ± 7–51 ± 9, p = 0.044). However, a significant 16% rise in regional CBF associated with reduction in OEF was seen in vulnerable regions, but did not persist at 24 h.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that this novel agent can improve regional CBF and may improve oxygen supply–demand balance. Clinical studies (likely with repeat dosing) are required to evaluate whether this effect can prevent DCI or cerebral infarction.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Michelle Allen and Hussain Jafri for their instrumental assistance in performing this study.

Funding

This study was funded by Prolong Pharmaceuticals who provided the study drug and research assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology (Division of Neurocritical Care), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Rajat Dhar & Michael N. Diringer

  2. Prolong Pharmaceuticals, 300 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA

    Hemant Misra

Authors
  1. Rajat Dhar
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  2. Hemant Misra
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  3. Michael N. Diringer
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Correspondence to Rajat Dhar.

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Conflict of interest

Hemant Misra is an employee of Prolong Pharmaceuticals. All other authors declare that they have no related conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

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Dhar, R., Misra, H. & Diringer, M.N. SANGUINATE™ (PEGylated Carboxyhemoglobin Bovine) Improves Cerebral Blood Flow to Vulnerable Brain Regions at Risk of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 27, 341–349 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-017-0418-3

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