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Biology and function of neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D

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Abstract

Semaphorins belong to a family of membrane-bound and secreted molecules that regulate the functional activity of axons in the nervous system. Sema4A and Sema4D were the first semaphorins also found to be expressed in immune cells and were, therefore, termed “immune semaphorins”. It is known that Sema4A has three functional receptors, namely Plexin D1, Plexin B1, and Tim-2, whereas Sema4D binds to Plexin B1 and CD72. Recent studies suggest that immune semaphorins play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes and such. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biology of neuroimmune semaphorins and their corresponding receptors, their distribution in organs and tissues, function in the immune response, and critical regulatory roles in various diseases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH grant R21AI076736 to S.P.C.

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  1. Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    EusebiusHenry Nkyimbeng-Takwi & Svetlana P. Chapoval

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    EusebiusHenry Nkyimbeng-Takwi & Svetlana P. Chapoval

  3. Program in Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Svetlana P. Chapoval

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Nkyimbeng-Takwi, E., Chapoval, S.P. Biology and function of neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D. Immunol Res 50, 10–21 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-010-8201-y

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