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Epidemiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a gender perspective

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Abstract

Purpose

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are a group of clinically rare and heterogeneous tumors of the pancreas. Currently there are no studies investigating the gender difference in PNEN susceptibility. Thus, the purpose of this study was aimed at examining how gender shapes risk factors, clinicopathological features, and comorbidities in PNENs.

Methods

The study design consisted of an Italian multicenter, retrospective study. The study included all consecutive patients with PNENs followed at the participating centers. Two hundred and twenty-nine patients (105 males,124 females, age 54 ± 0.98 years) with PNENs were enrolled at the participating centers. The clinicopathological features (age, gender, BMI, histology, tumor size, tumor grade, distant metastasis, hormonal function, and diagnostic circumstances), comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases (CVD), pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and potential risk factors (smoking and drinking) were included in the analysis.

Results

Females were slightly prevalent (54.15%). PNENs were diagnosed at younger age in females compared to males (p = 0.04). The prevalence of CVD was significantly higher in males than in females (p = 0.006). In the female group, the presence of T2DM was significantly associated with higher tumor grade (p = 0.04) and metastatic disease (p = 0.02). The proportion of smokers and alcohol drinkers was significantly higher in the male group (p < 0.001). No significant gender differences were detected regarding the other parameters included in the analysis.

Conclusions

This study has identified gender differences of PNENs in terms of age at diagnosis, associated comorbidities, and potential risk factors. A gender-tailored approach could become a potential strategy to better understand the natural history of PNENs and improve the effectiveness of PNENs clinical management.

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NIKE group

Filomena Bottiglieri14, Severo Campione15, Federica de Cicco14, Alessandra Dicitore16, Francesco Ferraù17, Federica Grillo18, Erika Grossrubatscher19, Elia Guadagno14, Andrea M. Isidori20, Andrea Lania21, Andrea Lenzi20, Fabio Lo Calzo14, Luca Pes22, Genoveffa Pizza23, Riccardo Pofi20, Giulia Puliani20, Carmen Rainone14, Paola Razzore24, Laura Rizza25, Manila Rubino26, Emilia Sbardella27, Franz Sesti20, Giovanni Vitale28, Maria Chiara Zatelli29

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

    Giovanna Muscogiuri, Barbara Altieri, Roberta Modica, Luigi Barrea & Annamaria Colao

  2. Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Barbara Altieri

  3. Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy

    Manuela Albertelli & Diego Ferone

  4. Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (DIMI) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Manuela Albertelli & Diego Ferone

  5. Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Andrea Dotto

  6. Department of Surgical, Medical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari-Endocrine Unit, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy

    Giuseppe Fanciulli

  7. Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Tiziana Feola, Mary Anna Venneri, Elisa Giannetta & Antongiulio Faggiano

  8. Endocrinological Oncology, Service of Endocrinology, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy

    Roberto Baldelli

  9. Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy

    Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri

  10. Department of Medical Sciences, Oncological Endocrinology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Marco Gallo

  11. Section of Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Valentina Guarnotta

  12. Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Pasqualino Malandrino

  13. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Erika Messina

  14. Federico II University, Naples, Italy

    Filomena Bottiglieri, Federica de Cicco, Elia Guadagno, Fabio Lo Calzo & Carmen Rainone

  15. Ospedale Cardarelli, Naples, Italy

    Severo Campione

  16. Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Milan, Italy

    Alessandra Dicitore

  17. University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Francesco Ferraù

  18. Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy

    Federica Grillo

  19. ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Niguarda, Milan, Italy

    Erika Grossrubatscher

  20. Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

    Andrea Lania, Andrea Lenzi, Riccardo Pofi, Giulia Puliani & Franz Sesti

  21. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy

    Andrea M Isidori

  22. University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Luca Pes

  23. Landolfi Hospital, Solofra, Avellino, Italy

    Genoveffa Pizza

  24. Mauriziano Hospita, Turin, Italy

    Paola Razzore

  25. AO San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy

    Laura Rizza

  26. European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

    Manila Rubino

  27. University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Emilia Sbardella

  28. University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Giovanni Vitale

  29. University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Maria Chiara Zatelli

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  1. Giovanna Muscogiuri
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Consortia

on behalf of NIKE group

  • Filomena Bottiglieri
  • , Severo Campione
  • , Federica de Cicco
  • , Alessandra Dicitore
  • , Francesco Ferraù
  • , Federica Grillo
  • , Erika Grossrubatscher
  • , Elia Guadagno
  • , Andrea M Isidori
  • , Andrea Lania
  • , Andrea Lenzi
  • , Fabio Lo Calzo
  • , Luca Pes
  • , Genoveffa Pizza
  • , Riccardo Pofi
  • , Giulia Puliani
  • , Carmen Rainone
  • , Paola Razzore
  • , Laura Rizza
  • , Manila Rubino
  • , Emilia Sbardella
  • , Franz Sesti
  • , Giovanni Vitale
  •  & Maria Chiara Zatelli

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giovanna Muscogiuri.

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These authors contributed equally: Giovanna Muscogiuri, Barbara Altieri

Members of the NIKE group are listed below Acknowledgements

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Muscogiuri, G., Altieri, B., Albertelli, M. et al. Epidemiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a gender perspective. Endocrine 69, 441–450 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02331-3

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