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Multi-functional peptide hormone NUCB2/nesfatin-1

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Abstract

The recently discovered nesfatin-1 is regulated by hunger and satiety. The precursor protein NUCB2 is proteolytically cleaved into three resulting fragments: nesfatin-1, nesfatin-2, and nesfatin-3. The middle segment of nesfatin-1 (M30) is responsible for limiting food intake, while the exact physiological role of nesfatin-2 and nesfatin-3 are not currently known yet. This hormone plays role/roles on diabetic hyperphagia, epilepsy, mood, stress, sleeping, anxiety, hyperpolarization, depolarization, and reproductive functions. This review will address nesfatin, focusing on its discovery and designation, biochemical structure, scientific evidence of its anorexigenic character, the results of the human and animal studies until the present day, its main biochemical and physiological effects, and its possible clinical applications.

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Abbreviations

aa:

Amino acid

ACTH:

Adrenocorticotropin

AGA:

Appropriate gestational age

AgRP:

Agouti-related peptides

ANS:

Autonomic nervous system

ARC:

Arcuate nucleus

as-MON:

Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide

BMI:

Body mass index

CART:

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript

CCK:

Cholecystokinin

CF:

Cystic fibrosis

CRF:

Corticotropin-releasing factor

DMH:

Dorsomedial hypothalamus

DON:

Deoxynivalenol

ERK ½:

Extracellular signal-regulating kinase 1/2

FM:

Fat mass

GDM:

Gestational diabetes mellitus

HOMA-IR:

Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance

ICV:

Intracerebroventricular

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

IRS:

Insulin receptor substrate

LGA:

Large gestational age

LHA:

Lateral hypothalamic area

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharides

MCH:

Melanin-concentrating hormone

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

mNTS:

Medial nucleus of the solitary tract

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

NEFA:

Nuclear EF-hand acidic

NPR-A:

Natriuretic peptide receptor A

NPY:

Neuropeptide Y

NPY/AGRP:

Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-Related Peptide

NST:

Nucleus of the solitary tract

NUCB2/NEFA:

Nucleobindin 2

OGTT:

Oral glucose tolerance test

OT:

Oxytocin

PC:

Prohormone convertase

PCOS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

pGC:

Guanylate cyclase

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PKG:

Protein kinase G

PND28:

Postnatal day 28

PND7:

Postnatal day 7

PND0:

Postnatal day 0

POMC:

Pro-opiomelanocortin

SON:

Supraoptic nucleus

PSVT:

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

PVN:

Paraventricular nucleus

SAH:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

SGA:

Small gestational age

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

SNPs:

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms

SNS:

Sympathetic nervous system

VMN:

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

VIP:

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

VMH:

Ventral medial hypothalamus

ZI:

Zona incerta

α-MSH:

α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone

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  1. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical School, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey

    Suleyman Aydin

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Aydin, S. Multi-functional peptide hormone NUCB2/nesfatin-1. Endocrine 44, 312–325 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-013-9923-0

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