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Low calorie and carbohydrate diet: to improve the cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes

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Abstract

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a moderate calorie and carbohydrate-restricted diet on cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese patients with prediabetes. A clinical trial was conducted in which 86 subjects presenting with overweight or obesity and prediabetes received a personalized diet of 1,200 to 1,700 calories with a distribution of 50 % carbohydrates, 20 % proteins, and 30 % fat. Body weight, fat mass, and lean mass were measured through bioimpedance. Glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. The measurements were taken at the beginning of, and at, 6 and 12 months during the intervention, and the differences were compared by paired Student’s t and χ2 tests. At 12 months, a significant reduction was noticed in body weight in patients with overweight and obesity (72.4 ± 7.8–69.6 ± 7.5 kg) (85.7 ± 14.8–80.2 ± 12.7 kg) with body mass index (28.2 ± 0.8–27.2 ± 2.1 kg/m2) (34.3 ± 3.5–32.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2), systolic (120.9 ± 14.2–112.4 ± 11.5 mmHg) (124.1 ± 11.9–115.7 ± 14.0 mmHg), diastolic blood pressures (79.0 ± 9.3–71.8 ± 8.3 mmHg) (80.4 ± 9.0–73.7 ± 13.1 mmHg), glucose (106.0 ± 8.9–95.9 ± 7.5 mg/dL) (107.3 ± 7.0–97.0 ± 8.2 mg/dL), and significant improvement on lipid profile (p < 0.05). The restrictions in the calorie and carbohydrate diet decrease the cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Nancy Landero, who holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Nutrition and Food Science from the Universidad Iberoamericana of the Mexico City, for her support and Gerardo Santiago, who is a Graduate of the Mexican Social Security Institute course Professional Nutrition and Dietary Technician, as well as the senior staff at the Family Medicine Unit Number 4 of the same Institution. As authors of this manuscript, we state that the intervention presented herein was carried in strict accordance to the General Health Law and Regulation in the Field of Clinical Research in Mexico about good clinical practice in clinical trials. Respecting the patients and their welfare right was considered a priority during the study. According to aforementioned laws, this study constitutes a minimal risk research.

Conflict of interest

As authors of this manuscript, we state that there is no conflict of interest in any particular form, and that this research was carried out with the financial support provided by the Coordination of Health Research belonging to the Mexican Institute of Social Security.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital General de Zona Carlos MacGregor Sánchez-Navarro, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico, DF, Mexico

    Lubia Velázquez-López, Ignacio Pineda-del Aguila, Rosa Ramos-Hernández & Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña

  2. Epidemiology Department, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico, DF, Mexico

    Evangelina González-Figueroa

  3. Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

    Patricia Medina-Bravo

  4. Health Research Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Laura Ávila-Jiménez

  5. Departamento de Investigación en Salud Comunitaria, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

    Miguel Klunder-Klunder

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  1. Lubia Velázquez-López
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  2. Evangelina González-Figueroa
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Correspondence to Lubia Velázquez-López.

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Velázquez-López, L., González-Figueroa, E., Medina-Bravo, P. et al. Low calorie and carbohydrate diet: to improve the cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes. Endocrine 43, 593–602 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-012-9775-z

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