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Changes in Binding of [123I]CLINDE, a High-Affinity Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) Selective Radioligand in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Abstract

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), secondary injuries develop, including neuroinflammatory processes that contribute to long-lasting impairments. These secondary injuries represent potential targets for treatment and diagnostics. The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is expressed in activated microglia cells and upregulated in response to brain injury and therefore a potential biomarker of the neuroinflammatory processes. Second-generation radioligands of TSPO, such as [123I]CLINDE, have a higher signal-to-noise ratio as the prototype ligand PK11195. [123I]CLINDE has been employed in human studies using single-photon emission computed tomography to image the neuroinflammatory response after stroke. In this study, we used the same tracer in a rat model of TBI to determine changes in TSPO expression. Adult Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to moderate controlled cortical impact injury and sacrificed at 6, 24, 72 h and 28 days post surgery. TSPO expression was assessed in brain sections employing [123I]CLINDE in vitro autoradiography. From 24 h to 28 days post surgery, injured animals exhibited a marked and time-dependent increase in [123I]CLINDE binding in the ipsilateral motor, somatosensory and parietal cortex, as well as in the hippocampus and thalamus. Interestingly, binding was also significantly elevated in the contralateral M1 motor cortex following TBI. Craniotomy without TBI caused a less marked increase in [123I]CLINDE binding, restricted to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Radioligand binding was consistent with an increase in TSPO mRNA expression and CD11b immunoreactivity at the contusion site. This study demonstrates the applicability of [123I]CLINDE for detailed regional and quantitative assessment of glial activity in experimental models of TBI.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Tina Spalholz and the staff of MEZ Leipzig for excellent technical support and assistance in animal experiments and Felix Fischer for assistance in tissue sectioning. CLINDE was kindly supplied by Dr. Nicolas Arlicot, Université François Rabelais de Tours, France. This work was supported by Desirée and Niels Ydes Foundation, the Lundbeck Foundation and the Danish Strategic Research Council (project COGNITO). The research leading to these results was supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement HEALTH-F2-2011-278850 (INMiND).

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  1. Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Cornelius K. Donat, Lars H. Pinborg, Henrik H. Hansen & Jens D. Mikkelsen

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Khaled Gaber & Jürgen Meixensberger

  3. Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research Site Leipzig, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany

    Peter Brust

  4. Epilepsy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Lars H. Pinborg

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  1. Cornelius K. Donat
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Donat, C.K., Gaber, K., Meixensberger, J. et al. Changes in Binding of [123I]CLINDE, a High-Affinity Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) Selective Radioligand in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuromol Med 18, 158–169 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-016-8385-y

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