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Possible Association of Prokineticin 2 Receptor Gene (PROKR2) with Mood Disorders in the Japanese Population

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Abstract

Several investigations have suggested that disruption of circadian rhythms may provide the foundation for the development of mood disorders such as bipolar disorder (BP) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent animal studies reported that prokineticin 2 or prokineticin 2 receptor gene deficient mice showed disruptions in circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep. This evidence indicates that prokineticin 2 gene (PROK2) and prokineticin 2 receptor gene (PROKR2) are good candidate genes for the pathogenesis of mood disorders. To evaluate the association between PROK2, PROKR2, and mood disorders, we conducted a case-control study of Japanese samples (151 bipolar patients, 319 major depressive disorder patients, and 340 controls) with four and five tagging SNPs in PROK2 or PROKR2, respectively, selected by HapMap database. We detected a significant association between PROKR2 and major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the Japanese population. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PROKR2 may play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders in the Japanese population. However, because our samples were small, it will be important to replicate and confirm these findings in other independent studies using larger samples.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Ms M. Miyata and Ms S. Ishihara for their technical support. This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, and the Japan Health Sciences Foundation (Research on Health Sciences focusing on Drug Innovation).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan

    Taro Kishi, Tsuyoshi Kitajima, Tomoko Tsunoka, Takenori Okumura, Masashi Ikeda, Tomo Okochi, Yoko Kinoshita, Kunihiro Kawashima, Yoshio Yamanouchi & Nakao Iwata

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8850, Japan

    Norio Ozaki

  3. Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK

    Masashi Ikeda

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  1. Taro Kishi
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  2. Tsuyoshi Kitajima
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  3. Tomoko Tsunoka
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  4. Takenori Okumura
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Correspondence to Taro Kishi.

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Taro Kishi and Tsuyoshi Kitajima participated equally in this work.

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Kishi, T., Kitajima, T., Tsunoka, T. et al. Possible Association of Prokineticin 2 Receptor Gene (PROKR2) with Mood Disorders in the Japanese Population. Neuromol Med 11, 114–122 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-009-8067-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-009-8067-0

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