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Sea Buckthorn Leaf Extract Inhibits Glioma Cell Growth by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Promoting Apoptosis

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Abstract

Hippophae rhamnoides L., also known as sea buckthorn (SBT), possesses a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. The present study examined whether SBT leaf extract could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of rat glioma C6 cells. The results revealed that the treatment with SBT leaf extract inhibited proliferation of rat C6 glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner. SBT-induced reduction of C6 glioma cell proliferation and viability was accompanied by a decrease in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are critical for the proliferation of tumor cells. SBT treatment not only significantly upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) but also promoted its localization in the nucleus. Although increased expression and nuclear translocation of Bax were observed in SBT-treated C6 glioma cells, the induced nuclear morphological change was distinct from that of typical apoptotic cells in that most of SBT-treated cells were characterized by convoluted nuclei with cavitations and clumps of chromatin. All of these results suggest that SBT leaf extract could inhibit the rapid proliferation of rat C6 glioma cells, possibly by inducing the early events of apoptosis. Thus, SBT may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of glioma.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ01104601 and Project No. PJ01183401)” Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, 165, Baebang, Asan, Chungnam, 31499, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Jo Kim & Eunmi Hwang

  2. Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea

    Sun Shin Yi

  3. Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea

    Ki Duk Song & Hak-Kyo Lee

  4. Laboratory of Immunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea

    Tae-Hwe Heo

  5. Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea

    Sang-Kyu Park

  6. Corea Cosmedical Center, 3-103, 38, Wolgok-gil, Gangnae-myeon, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28171, Republic of Korea

    Yun Joo Jung

  7. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea

    Hyun Sik Jun

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  1. Sung-Jo Kim
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Sung-Jo Kim and Eunmi Hwang authors have contributed equally to the work.

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Kim, SJ., Hwang, E., Yi, S.S. et al. Sea Buckthorn Leaf Extract Inhibits Glioma Cell Growth by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Promoting Apoptosis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 182, 1663–1674 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2425-4

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