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The Application of the Starfish Hatching Enzyme for the Improvement of Scar and Keloid Based on the Fibroblast-Populated Collagen Lattice

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Abstract

Various bioactivities of the starfish hatching enzyme (HE) including collagen gel contraction, MMPs activity, hydroxyproline release, and gene regulation based on the fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL) in three-dimensional medium were investigated for the improvement of scar and keloid. The starfish HE significantly inhibited the collagen gel contraction over 2 days of culture. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were also identified by gelatin zymography and RT-PCR products with both HE and collagenase treatments, which resulted in the high amount of hydroxyproline release. The HE treatment on the FPCL significantly inhibited the fibroblast proliferation at 3 days of culture. The LPS-induced NO level and iNOS mRNA expression at low concentrations of HE presented a certain ability to inflammatory response. The COX-2 mRNA from the FPCL indicated no significant inflammation-mediated activity at 5 μg/mL of HE, whereas the cytokines of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher than those of the control. Hence, the starfish hatching enzyme can regulate the fibroblast-populated collagen gel conditions by the contraction, MMP production, inflammatory gene expression, etc. Therefore, the starfish HE could be a potential cosmeceutical to heal the scar and keloid tissue.

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Abbreviations

HE:

Hatching enzyme

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

MMP:

Matrix metalloprotease

TIMP:

Tissue inhibitors metalloproteases

NO:

Nitric oxide

FPCL:

Fibroblast-populated collagen lattice

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1 beta

TGF:

Transfer growth factor

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Korea Sea Grant Program (GangWon Sea Grant) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries in Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163-319, People’s Republic of China

    Zhi Jiang Li

  2. Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7-Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, 210-702, Republic of Korea

    Zhi Jiang Li & Sang Moo Kim

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Correspondence to Sang Moo Kim.

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Li, Z.J., Kim, S.M. The Application of the Starfish Hatching Enzyme for the Improvement of Scar and Keloid Based on the Fibroblast-Populated Collagen Lattice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173, 989–1002 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0901-7

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