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Genome-Wide Identification of the Maize Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene Family

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Abstract

In higher plants, calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger in eukaryotic signal transduction cascades. The plant-specific calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play important roles regulating downstream components of calcium signaling. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of maize (Zea mays) CDPKs and identified 35 CDPK genes. Maize CDPKs were found to be similar to their counterparts in rice in gene structure, GC content and subgroup classification. Divergence time estimation suggested that maize–rice orthologs were largely consistent with the time when these two species diverged from the last common ancestor. Semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed that the 29 of total 35 maize CDPK genes were expressed in all tissues, including root, stem, leaf, tassel, ear, and kernel. Our genomic and bioinformatics analyses will provide an important foundation for further functional dissection of the maize CDPK gene family.

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Abbreviations

CDPKs:

Calcium-dependent protein kinases

CLD:

Calmodulin-like domain

HMM:

Hidden Markov model

K S :

Synonymous

K A :

Nonsynonymous

MYA:

Million years ago

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by The Introduced Talent Found for Northwest A&F University (Z109021107 and Z109021105).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People’s Republic of China

    Pengda Ma & Jingying Liu

  2. Biotechnology Research Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China

    Xiangdong Yang & Rui Ma

Authors
  1. Pengda Ma
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  2. Jingying Liu
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  3. Xiangdong Yang
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  4. Rui Ma
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jingying Liu or Xiangdong Yang.

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Fig. S1

Comparison of the deduced amino acids sequences of ZmCPKs. The boundaries of variable N-terminal, kinase, autoregulatory, calmodulin-like and C-terminal domains are shown by arrows. Roman numbers indicate the eleven canonical subdomains of protein kinases. The four C2+-binding EF-hand motifs in the calmodulin-like domain are overlined. (TIFF 5395 kb)

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Ma, P., Liu, J., Yang, X. et al. Genome-Wide Identification of the Maize Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene Family. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 169, 2111–2125 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0125-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0125-2

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