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Soybean Hulls Pretreated Using Thermo-Mechanical Extrusion—Hydrolysis Efficiency, Fermentation Inhibitors, and Ethanol Yield

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Abstract

Soybean hulls were subjected to thermo-mechanical extrusion pretreatment at various in-barrel moisture contents and screw speeds. Extrusion degraded the lignocellulosic structure and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean hulls, with up to 155% increase in glucose yield as compared to untreated substrate. Greater glucose yields were observed at higher in-barrel moistures (45% and 50%) and lower screw speed (280 and 350 rpm). Maximum 74% cellulose to glucose conversion resulted from using a two-enzyme cocktail consisting of cellulase and β-glucosidase. Conversion increased to 87% when a three-enzyme cocktail having a cell wall degrading enzyme complex was used for hydrolysis. Fermentation inhibitors, such as furfural, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF), and acetic acid, were found in the extrusion pretreated soybean hulls and hydrolysate. However, their concentrations were below the known thresholds for inhibition. Fermentation of hydrolysate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to high yields of ethanol, with concentration ranging from 13.04 to 15.44 g/L.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by funds from the Kansas Soybean Commission and the Kansas State University Center for Sustainable Energy. The authors would like to acknowledge Archer Daniels Midland Company and Lesaffre Group for their generous support in providing soybean hulls and yeast, respectively. We would like to thank Eric Maichel for conducting all extrusion runs and also Sunil Bansal, Khushal Brijwani, and Nanjunda Ananda for their assistance in this study. This is Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station contribution number 11-172-J

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    Juhyun Yoo, Sajid Alavi, Praveen Vadlani & Keith C. Behnke

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  1. Juhyun Yoo
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  2. Sajid Alavi
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  3. Praveen Vadlani
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  4. Keith C. Behnke
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Correspondence to Sajid Alavi.

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Yoo, J., Alavi, S., Vadlani, P. et al. Soybean Hulls Pretreated Using Thermo-Mechanical Extrusion—Hydrolysis Efficiency, Fermentation Inhibitors, and Ethanol Yield. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 166, 576–589 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9449-y

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