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Potential of Agricultural Residues and Hay for Bioethanol Production

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Abstract

Production of bioethanol from agricultural residues and hays (wheat, barley, and triticale straws, and barley, triticale, pearl millet, and sweet sorghum hays) through a series of chemical pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation processes was investigated in this study. Composition analysis suggested that the agricultural straws and hays studied contained approximately 28.62–38.58% glucan, 11.19–20.78% xylan, and 22.01–27.57% lignin, making them good candidates for bioethanol production. Chemical pretreatment with sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% indicated that concentration and treatment agent play a significant role during pretreatment. After 2.0% sulfuric acid pretreatment at 121°C/15 psi for 60 min, 78.10–81.27% of the xylan in untreated feedstocks was solubilized, while 75.09–84.52% of the lignin was reduced after 2.0% sodium hydroxide pretreatment under similar conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis of chemically pretreated (2.0% NaOH or H2SO4) solids with Celluclast 1.5 L–Novozym 188 (cellobiase) enzyme combination resulted in equal or higher glucan and xylan conversion than with Spezyme® CP- xylanase combination. The glucan and xylan conversions during hydrolysis with Celluclast 1.5 L–cellobiase at 40 FPU/g glucan were 78.09 to 100.36% and 74.03 to 84.89%, respectively. Increasing the enzyme loading from 40 to 60 FPU/g glucan did not significantly increase sugar yield. The ethanol yield after fermentation of the hydrolyzate from different feedstocks with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ranged from 0.27 to 0.34 g/g glucose or 52.00–65.82% of the theoretical maximum ethanol yield.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7625, USA

    Ye Chen, Ratna R. Sharma-Shivappa & Deepak Keshwani

  2. Central Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, Moccasin, MT, USA

    Chengci Chen

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  1. Ye Chen
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  2. Ratna R. Sharma-Shivappa
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Correspondence to Ratna R. Sharma-Shivappa.

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Chen, Y., Sharma-Shivappa, R.R., Keshwani, D. et al. Potential of Agricultural Residues and Hay for Bioethanol Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 142, 276–290 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-007-0026-3

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