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Risk Factors for Revision Within 10 Years of Total Knee Arthroplasty

  • Clinical Research
  • Published:
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

A CORR Insights to this article was published on 14 February 2014

Abstract

Background

An in-depth understanding of risk factors for revision TKA is needed to minimize the burden of revision surgery. Previous studies indicate that hospital and community characteristics may influence outcomes after TKA, but a detailed investigation in a diverse population is warranted to identify opportunities for quality improvement.

Questions/purposes

We asked: (1) What is the frequency of revision TKA within 10 years of primary arthroplasty? (2) Which patient demographic factors are associated with revision within 10 years of TKA? (3) Which community and institutional characteristics are associated with revision within 10 years of TKA?

Methods

We identified 301,955 patients who underwent primary TKAs in New York or California from 1997 to 2005 from statewide databases. Identifier codes were used to determine whether they underwent revision TKA. Patient, community, and hospital characteristics were analyzed using multivariable regression modeling to determine predictors for revision.

Results

The frequency of revision was 4.0% at 5 years after the index arthroplasty and 8.9% at 9-years. Patients between 50 and 75 years old had a lower risk of revision than patients younger than 50 years (hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; 95% CI, 0.44, 0.50). Black patients were at increased risk for needing revision surgery (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.29, 1.49) after adjustment for insurance type, poverty level, and education. Women (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.79, 0.86) and Medicare recipients (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.79, 0.86) were less likely to undergo revision surgery, whereas those from the most educated (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.16) and the poorest communities (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.15) had modest increases in risk of revision. Mid-volume hospitals (200–400 annual cases) had a reduction of early revision (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83, 0.99) compared with those performing less than 200 cases annually, whereas higher-volume hospitals (greater than 400 cases) showed little effect compared with low-volume hospitals.

Conclusions

Patient, community, and institutional characteristics affect the risk for revision within 10 years of index TKA. These data can be used to develop process improvement and implant surveillance strategies among high-risk patients.

Level of Evidence

Level III, therapeutic study. See the Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Timothy Wright PhD, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, for guidance in the development of the research questions and scientific approach, and Huong Do MA, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, for assistance with preparation of the data for further analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA

    Christopher J. Dy MD, MSPH, Robert G. Marx MD, MSc & Douglas E. Padgett MD

  2. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Core, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Christopher J. Dy MD, MSPH, Ting Jung Pan MPH & Stephen Lyman PhD

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Kevin J. Bozic MD, MBA

Authors
  1. Christopher J. Dy MD, MSPH
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  2. Robert G. Marx MD, MSc
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  5. Douglas E. Padgett MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen Lyman PhD.

Additional information

One of the authors (CJD) certifies that he has received, during the study period, funding from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (Bethesda, MD, USA) (Grant T32-AR07281). One of the authors (SL) certifies that he has received, during the study period, funding from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (Grant R03 AR05063) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (Rockville, MD, USA) (Grant U18-HS16075). Each author certifies that he or she, or a member of his or her immediate family, has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request.

Each author certifies that his or her institution approved or waived approval for the human protocol for this investigation and that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research.

This work was performed at Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.

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Dy, C.J., Marx, R.G., Bozic, K.J. et al. Risk Factors for Revision Within 10 Years of Total Knee Arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 472, 1198–1207 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-3416-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-3416-6

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