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Raman Assessment of Bone Quality

  • Symposium: Bone Quality: From Bench to Bedside
  • Published:
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Abstract

Background

Progress in the diagnosis and prediction of fragility fractures depends on improvements to the understating of the compositional contributors of bone quality to mechanical competence. Raman spectroscopy has been used to evaluate alterations to bone composition associated with aging, disease, or injury.

Questions/purposes

In this survey we will (1) review the use of Raman-based compositional measures of bone quality, including mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, collagen quality, and crystallinity; (2) review literature correlating Raman spectra with biomechanical and other physiochemical measurements and with bone health; and (3) discuss prospects for ex vivo and in vivo human subject measurements.

Methods

ISI Web of Science was searched for references to bone Raman spectroscopy in peer-reviewed journals. Papers from other topics have been excluded from this review, including those on pharmaceutical topics, dental tissue, tissue engineering, stem cells, and implant integration.

Results

Raman spectra have been reported for human and animal bone as a function of age, biomechanical status, pathology, and other quality parameters. Current literature supports the use of mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, and mineral crystallinity as measures of bone quality. Discrepancies between reports arise from the use of band intensity ratios rather than true composition ratios, primarily as a result of differing collagen band selections.

Conclusions

Raman spectroscopy shows promise for evaluating the compositional contributors of bone quality in ex vivo specimens, although further validation is still needed. Methodology for noninvasive in vivo assessments is still under development.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Kathryn A. Dooley for her contribution of a bone Raman spectrum to this article. We acknowledge Dr Francis W. L. Esmonde-White for discussions and proofreading of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Michael D. Morris PhD & Gurjit S. Mandair PhD

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA

    Michael D. Morris PhD

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  1. Michael D. Morris PhD
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Correspondence to Michael D. Morris PhD.

Additional information

One or more of the authors (MDM) has an equity interest in BioMatrix Photonics, LLC. One or more of the authors (MDM) received funding from grants from the National Institutes of Health grants R01 AR055022 and R01 AR054496.

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Morris, M.D., Mandair, G.S. Raman Assessment of Bone Quality. Clin Orthop Relat Res 469, 2160–2169 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-010-1692-y

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