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Osmotic Dehydration of Yacon Using Glycerol and Sorbitol as Solutes: Water Effective Diffusivity Evaluation

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Abstract

Osmotic dehydration of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) was carried out in varying temperatures (30 and 50 °C) and glycerol or sorbitol concentration (30, 50, and 70 %). The solution of Fick’s law for unsteady state mass transfer in a plane sheet configuration was used to calculate the effective diffusivities of water. Peleg’s model was used to predict the equilibrium condition, which was shown to be appropriate for water loss and solute uptake. It was found to have two rate periods of dehydration. For the above conditions of osmotic dehydration, the effective diffusivity of water was found to be in the range of 5.82 ± 0.68 × 10−10 to 2.15 ± 0.61 × 10−10 m2/s in first period and 1.60 ± 0.28 × 10−10 to 1.29 ± 0.24 × 10−10 m2/s in second period for glycerol tests and, for sorbitol, was 3.82 ± 0.17 × 10−10 to 1.54 ± 0.50 × 10−10 m2/s for the first period and 1.73 ± 0.04 × 10−10 to 1.33 ± 0.06 × 10−10 m2/s for the second. The greatest reduction in water activity was achieved when 70 % of glycerol was used at 50 °C (final a w 0.704 ± 0.010). The treatments with 70 % of solution concentration at 30 °C were repeated, and by adding 20 g/L of calcium lactate in the osmotic solution, it resulted in higher calcium content, strengthening the cell wall for both solutes. Microstructure of the yacon samples (fresh, blanched, and in different conditions of osmotic dehydration) was examined by scanning electron microscopy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support received from Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal para o Ensino Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) and the product donation from Corn Products do Brasil.

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  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Engenheiro Luis Englert, s/n. Prédio 12.204. Campus Central, Porto Alegre, 90040-000, RS, Brazil

    Bethania Brochier & Ligia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak

  2. Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500. Prédio 43.212. Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil

    Caciano Pelayo Zapata Noreña

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  1. Bethania Brochier
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Correspondence to Bethania Brochier, Ligia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak or Caciano Pelayo Zapata Noreña.

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Brochier, B., Marczak, L.D.F. & Noreña, C.P.Z. Osmotic Dehydration of Yacon Using Glycerol and Sorbitol as Solutes: Water Effective Diffusivity Evaluation. Food Bioprocess Technol 8, 623–636 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1432-5

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