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Adverse Effects of Glycemia-Lowering Medications in Type 2 Diabetes

  • Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (HE Lebovitz and G Bahtiyar, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is focused on preventing the occurrence and delaying the development of macro- and micro-vascular complications. Glycemic control can help prevent these complications, but there is concern about the adverse effects of glycemia-lowering medications. A rational approach is to balance the desired low risk of adverse events against the unwanted higher risk of major complications resulting from suboptimal glucose control.

Recent Findings

Using the above approach, approved glucose-lowering agents have favorable benefit-to-risk profiles for use in most patients with type 2 diabetes. We first briefly review the mechanism of actions and benefits of the different commonly used classes of glycemia-lowering medications and then discuss adverse effects and safety concern associated with their use.

Summary

Our overall assessment is that if used appropriately, the different classes of glycemia-lowering medications offer beneficial outcomes with relatively modest and, in some instances, preventable adverse events.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Mather 1600, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    Laleh Razavi-Nematollahi

  2. Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Wood Building, W422, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    Faramarz Ismail-Beigi

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  1. Laleh Razavi-Nematollahi
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Correspondence to Faramarz Ismail-Beigi.

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Laleh Razavi-Nematollahi declares that she has no conflict of interest. Faramarz Ismail-Beigi is a consultant to COVANCE and Sanofi and has received research grants from Novo Nordisk.

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Razavi-Nematollahi, L., Ismail-Beigi, F. Adverse Effects of Glycemia-Lowering Medications in Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 19, 132 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1266-7

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