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Follicular Helper T Cells in Autoimmunity

  • Immunology and Transplantation (L Piemonti and V Sordi, Section Editors)
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Abstract

The development of multiple disease-relevant autoantibodies is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. In autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), a variable time frame of autoimmunity precedes the clinically overt disease. The relevance of T follicular helper (TFH) cells for the immune system is increasingly recognized. Their pivotal contribution to antibody production by providing help to germinal center (GC) B cells facilitates the development of a long-lived humoral immunity. Their complex differentiation process, involving various stages and factors like B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6), is strictly controlled, as anomalous regulation of TFH cells is connected with immunopathologies. While the adverse effects of a TFH cell-related insufficient humoral immunity are obvious, the role of increased TFH frequencies in autoimmune diseases like T1D is currently highlighted. High levels of autoantigen trigger an excessive induction of TFH cells, consequently resulting in the production of autoantibodies. Therefore, TFH cells might provide promising approaches for novel therapeutic strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Diabetes Research, Independent Young Investigator Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Heidemannstrasse 1, Munich, 80939, Germany

    Martin G. Scherm & Carolin Daniel

  2. Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany

    Martin G. Scherm, Verena B. Ott & Carolin Daniel

  3. Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Parkring 13, Garching, 85748, Germany

    Verena B. Ott

  4. Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 2a, Garching, 85748, Germany

    Verena B. Ott

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  1. Martin G. Scherm
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  2. Verena B. Ott
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  3. Carolin Daniel
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Correspondence to Carolin Daniel.

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Conflict of Interest

Carolin Daniel (CD) is supported by a Junior Research Group at Helmholtz Zentrum München. CD received support through an associated membership in the CRC1054 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The work was supported by grants from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF 2-SRA-2014-161-Q-R).

Verena B. Ott is supported by Technische Universität München–Institute for Advanced Study, funded by the German Excellence Initiative and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement n° 291763.

Martin G. Scherm is supported by a Helmholtz Diabetes Center Portfolio Grant.

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Scherm, M.G., Ott, V.B. & Daniel, C. Follicular Helper T Cells in Autoimmunity. Curr Diab Rep 16, 75 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0770-2

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